Summary of Chapter Two of The God of Small Things by Arundhati Roy Essa

Summary of Chapter Two of The God of Small Things by Arundhati RoyThe system of caste in India is a bond of union, but splits up thesociety into sections. It revolves around the societys idea of whatsclean and pure. It exists not except in the form of Touchability andUntouchability but also gender difference and matrimonial status. InKerala, the setting for The God of Small Things, the caste system is deep-rooted it has been made rigid by time and proliferated by thecolonial rule. As a result, inevitably, the caste system greatlyimpacts the lives of the leading characters in the bracing Estha andRahel, Ammu and Velutha. In my essay, I am going to explore the natureof the caste system and whom it affects.The revulsion of Untouchability is so inherent in the post-colonialsociety that even out with the coming of the British, the untouchables ingeneral were not only unable to explode the scourge Untouchability.As Christians, They were made to have branch churches, withseparate ser vices, and separate priests and it was considered aspecial favour (that) they were given their own separate castawayBishop. Further more, After Independence they found they were notenititled to any judicature benefits like job reservations or bankloans at low sake rates, because officially, on paper, there were(only) Christians, and therefore casteless.The life of Velutha, an untouchable, is greatly impacted not only inthe way the other untouchables were. Since he was young, he had toadjust to acts of inferiority. He had to enter by the back entranceof the Ayemenem House to talk the coconuts they Velutha and hisdad had plucked from the trees in the compound and was not allowedinto the ho... ...een traditions and are afforded no sure recognition as said inwhat the novel calls Locusts Stand I or legal standing. BabyKochama, once again hated them for that. She called them Half-HindhuHybrids whom no self-respecting Syrian Christian would ever marry. Asa result, further on the nov el, their lives were greatly affected byher.The caste system on the whole traumatizes and affects Roysprotagonists life in an unhealthy way. It took away the twins needto cash in ones chips to someone and their identity and, later on the novel, theirchildhood. It cost Ammu her love and her freedom. It divest Veluthaof a bright future and somehow caused his death. This way, Roy is ableto let the ratifier see the atrocities of the caste system in India andbe more cognizant about the stereotypes the society made to differentpeople. Two thumbs and two toes up for Roy

New Cases Of Tb Health And Social Care Essay

Over 8 million of new instances of TB ar observe and slightly 1.5 million deceases firmness of purposeed from TB yearly, TB has decl ard bit genius infective slayer. 1 2 Generally, TB ( TB ) is defined as a catching infective affection cause by mycobacteria TB. A individual bum infected when he or she inhales a proceedingss sum of septic phlegm of air. Terbium is non catching by mastermind contact with apparels or agitating custodies with person who has Terbium. Terbium is spread through the external respiration of the septic air during close contact. There is anyway another type of untypical TB, transmitted when imbibing unpasteurised milk. link up bacteriums, Mycobacterium bovis which are found in unpasteurised milk are responsible to do this signifier of TB 23 . The symptoms of TB are non obvious until the indisposition is rather advanced. The early symptoms of TB are ordinarily conf utilize with other customary symptoms of a febrility, including weariness, loss of appetency, a juicy cough, febrility, weight loss and dark workout suits. The transmittal of the TB is to a greater extent frequently than non spotted in the upper portion or lobe of the lungs. It unremarkably takes months ( incubation ) from the get downing point of initial lung transmission for symptoms to be noticeable. The worsen infection in the lungs bunghole anyway ensue in symptoms like chest hurting, coughing continuously, coughing out phlegm of gourmandize from the lungs and blood and trouble in take a breathing ( puff for breath ) .Incidence1Prevalence 2MortalityWHO partno. In 1000s% of planetary sum tramp per 100 000 pop3no. In 1000srate per 100 000 atomic number 91no. In 1000srate per 100 000 dadAfrica2 82830 %3513 80947338548The the Statess2823 %3122124293Eastern Mediterranean6757 % one hundred fifteen92915911520Europe4255 %4832236556South-East Asia3 21334 %1833 80521647727Western Pacific1 94621 %1092 00711226115Global sum9 369100 %13911 0931641 322201 Incidence is the habitus of new instances originating during a defined period.2Prevalence is the figure of instances ( new and antecedently happening ) that exists at a disposed(p) point in clip.3Pop indicates population. plot 1 Estimated TB incidence, preponderance and mortality, 2008 hypertext shipping communications communications communications protocol //www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs104/en/Diagram 1 indicates the estimated TB incidence and rate of decease in 2008. South-East Asia and South-East Asia put up the highest figure of incidence, prevalence and morality rate of TB. These are first gear income states. Terbium is a poorness related ailment which leave behind be discussed subsequently in this study.( 436 row )SolutionCocktail of drugshypertext modify protocol //physicianjobster.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/ potential-tuberculosis- guidelines-and- diagram.pngTB is categorized into two chief throng based on the pharmacologic handling for several(prenom inal) phase, latent infection and participating disease. About 90 % of tolerants who infected with primary TB will hold no farther clinical manifestation and will gear up without the realisation of the disease. Merely approximately 5 % of the forbearings will travel on to develop the disease into a more progressive and restless disease including disseminated TB ( TB bacteria infected parts of the organic mental synthesis other than lungs ) . Latent infection occurs when the pneumonic macrophages are able to compound the bacteriums only when non extinguish them. C UsersdantesDesktopblatent-tuberculosis-guidelines-and-diagram.pngChemoprophylaxisDuring the phase of latent infection of TB, although the symptoms of the disease are non manifested but latent infection can develop into the active phase. Therefore, chemoprophylaxis can be initiated to pull off the placement. Chemoprophylaxis is the prescription of veritable medicines in the purpose of forestalling an infection. No rmally, two drugs are involved in this regimen. isoniazid which is a common drug will be prescribed to patients with latent infection. Generally, 300mg daily of Isoniazid ( isoniazid ) will be given for 9 months in grownups. If there are any intuition of resistance of bacteriums try to INH or intolerance of patients to INH ( allergic reaction ) , INH can be replaced with Rifampin ( RIF ) . Normal medicine of RIF of 600mg for 4 months is a suited permutation 22 .Drugs noise therapy( 698words ) While for the phase of active disease of TB, the standard regimen Isoniazid, Rifampin, Pyrazinamide ( PZA ) and ethambutol ( EMB ) for 2 months de liver the goodsed by INH and RIF for 4 months is administered 7 9 22 .The consequence of the phlegm cultivation TB of patients is utilize to find the susceptibleness of the bacteriums to the drugs. It in bends decides which drugs to be used in the intervention. The tabular array 2 below is a guideline for the prescription of the interven tion.Diagram 2 Prescription for intervention of TB hypertext transference protocol //www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5211a1.htm( 753 words )If the bacterium become drug immune, multi-drug patient of TB ( MDR ) , other drugs are to be given. For illustration, Ethionamide, Streptomycin, Cycloserine and the list goes on. Drug oppo rankness should be suspected in the undermentioned state of affairssPatients who devour acquire anterior therapy for TerbiumPatients from geographic country with high prevalence of opposition ( Mexico and Southeast Asia )human immunodeficiency virus patientsPatients known to be exposed to MDR-TB instancesPatients who still have acid-fast bacilli- despotic phlegm vilifications after 2 months of therapyPatients who still have positive civilization for TB after 2 to 4 months of therapyParticular intervention should be given to a certain population depending on their status for case, HIV patients, pregnant grown female, kids, extrapulmonary TB. In popul ation of pregnant adult female, the drugs used are non to present a hazard to the foetus every bit good as to the female parent. RIF is non given because it is related to ramification decrease and cardinal nervous system lesions in foetus. Ethionamide may be associated with premature bringing, congenitial malformations and Down s syndrome. The drugs prescribed must(prenominal) be monitored cautiously to forestall any long term side effects to the patients 7 22 .The tabular array in diagram 3 register the chief two groups of drugs used to handle TB, first line and second line drugs. If the first line drugs fail to handle TB as the TB bacteriums strain becomes immune, 2nd line drugs are used.( 992 words )Diagram 3 The first and 2nd line drugs for TB ( hypertext transfer protocol //www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5211a1.htm )( 1005 words )EffectivenessDiagram 4 Treatment issuing and clip from start of intervention to transition of sputum civilization among 39 patients ( htt p //www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2334/8/6/table/T2 ) C UsersdantesPicturesTB.jpgAll of the patients ab initio stock day-to-day therapy that comprised INH, RIF, EMB, and PZA. Treatment was successfully drop offd in 36 patients ( 92 % ) , and 35 ( 90 % ) were vulcanized. This indicates a high success rate of intervention utilizing the drugs above.( 1067 words )Direct observation of TherapyTo maximize the completion of intervention class, withdraw observed therapy ( DOT ) is introduced. This method will advance attachment to the intervention. medical exam officers should supervise DOT. This method ensures the intervention class of the patient is completed.hypertext transfer protocol //www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5211a1.htmhttp //www.health-res.com/EX/08-01-20/r211a1b14.gifhypertext transfer protocol //www.health-res.com/EX/08-01-20/r211a1b14.gif( 1122words )Diagram 5 the intervention success of TB ( % ) under DOTs in Albania, Ecuador and HaitiEffectivenessDiagram 6 the interv ention success of TB ( % ) under non- DOTs in Albania, Ecuador and Haitihypertext transfer protocol //apps.who.int/globalatlas/includeFiles/generalIncludeFiles/toolOptions.asp? displayType=chart( 1146 words )The DOTS plan in China, the largest DOTS programme in the universe, prevents close 30 000 deceases a year. Over 90 % of patients treated are cured.( hypertext transfer protocol //www.who.int/inf-new/tuber2.htm )Diagram 7 Terbium instances human death judge ( % ) with or without DOTS in 2009 in China ( http //www.who.int/inf-new/tuber2.htm )Based from grounds from diagrams 5, 6 and 7, it is shown that the TB intervention success rate addition with the exe windion of DOTS. In diagrams 5 and 6, the informations in Ecuador shows that the intervention success rate under DOTs is much higher than those under non-DOTs by close to 75 % . In diagram 7, the human death rate from TB is decrease by roughly 15 % if DOT is implemented. In my sentiment, DOT is effectual because more or less patients did non follow the physician s recommendations and they tend to bury to take medicines regularly.DOT provides a demeanor to guarantee that all the patients are following their medicines.( 1296words )DeductionsEconomic deductionOne sparing issue that I have encountered while carry oning this research is that the under-developed states have the highest rates of TB. And they do non hold financial support to derive admission fee to the antibiotic intervention. Tuberculosis ( TB ) a preventable disease think to p overty was declared an exigency in Africa in 2005. Each twelvemonth it claims the lives of half a million Africans, many immature and in their closely productive old ages. In the past 15 old ages, boilersuit rates have doubled in Africa and stumblerled in high HIV countries. Africa has the highest per capital incidence of TB in the universe ( 28 % ) , with most of the worst affected states located in sub-Saharan Africa. ( African medical checkup and Resea rch Foundation, 2005 )The province of exigency is a consequence of immense fiscal load of the low-income states as the interventions are time-consuming and dearly-won. Furthermore, overcrowded country in Africa federal agency easier transmittal of disease from individual to individual. These grounds allow for in more incidence of TB in Africa per twelvemonth. In my sentiment, the authorities demand to be financially stable in order to tack citizens with efficient and coarse entree to intervention. Government should besides form runs to increase the consciousness towards the figure one infective disease slayer TB.( 1505words )Social deduction legion(predicate) TB patients will halt taking the medicine after several hebdomads as their symptoms are relieved. First of wholly, the drugs for TB are dearly-won. Second, they feel hale after twosomes of month of drug intervention. If the patients did non finish the antibiotic class, likely result is some bacteriums will last and go imm une to the drug and infectiousness of the patient doing continued transmittal to the community. These bacteriums will go on to multiply and can non be killed by the old drug, multi-drug-resistant TB. Therefore, other more expensive drugs must be used for intervention. 6 Poverty increases the hazard of TB TB impoverishes the victims. More than 90 % of TB instances and decease occurs in low and middle-income states. ( TB Advocacy, A Practical Guide 1999, WHO Global Tuberculosis Programme, STOP TB Annual Report 2001 )The intervention of TB requires a great employment of fiscal support. The cost of the drugs and the installations merely can non be afforded by low income states. Therefore, low income states like South Africa has the most instances of TB incidence and deceases. anyhow that, if a patient can non afford the medicine possible result is more people will be infected as TB is contagious.( 1707words )Benefits and hazardsOne of the most conspicuous benefits from antibiotics intervention for TB is that it can bring rough and liberate the patients from TB. Antibiotics can kill and suppress the growing of TB bacteriums in the organic structure provided the bacteriums are non drug-resistant. Equally long as the patients complete the intervention class, there is a large possibility that he or she will retrieve from the disease. Isoniazid administered to latent infection of TB patients besides prevents the patterned advance of the active disease. The intervention besides aims to halt the infection from distributing to other people 8 .However, there are a certain side effects of the drugs. Normally, the side effects of the drugs are non common but they can be serious. Patients are recommended to confer with their doctor for any possible side effects and how to cover with them. By and large, the side effects of the interventions includes liver issue ( icterus, abdominal hurting, sickness, and emesis, weariness, fever, dark piss, flowering and itchiness ) , flu-like symptoms ( febrility and icinesss, sickness, purgatorial and musculus hurting ) , flu stain, diarrhoea and the effects may alter depend on the drugs administered in the intervention. One of the most common used drugs, Isoniazid can hold side effects of dysarthria, crossness, ictuss, dysphoria, and inability to concentrate, fever, roseola and hepatitis. 9 10 11 12 ( 1923 words )Alternate ascendentVaccineBacillus Calmette-Guerin is given during childhood as a vaccinum against TB. It is prepared from attenuated Mycobacterium bovis. The definition of vaccinum is substances that can trip and fix human immune response to specific bacteriums in the futurity much(prenominal) as dead or attenuated bacteriums. A tuberculin tryout must be conducted before the individual is to be vaccinated. Merely non-reactors are given inoculation because they lack immunisation against TB. We estimated that the 100A5 million BCG inoculations given to babies in 2002 will hold prevented 29a?729 instances of TB meningitis ( 5th-95th centiles, 24a?063-36a?192 ) in kids during their first 5 old ages of life, or one instance for every 3435 inoculations ( 2771-4177 ) , and 11a?486 instances of miliary TB ( 7304-16a?280 ) , or one instance for every 9314 inoculations ( 6172-13a?729 ) . At US $ 2-3 per dosage, BCG inoculation be US $ 206 ( 150-272 ) per twelvemonth of healthy life gained. ( B. Trunz P. Fine C. Dye. The Lancet, Volume 367, subject field 9517, Pages 1173-1180, 14 April 2006 )The monetary value of BCG is cheap 21 . Therefore, it can cost-effectively cut down the figure of TB compared to the cost of intervention. The effectivity of BCG is besides proven when it was foremost introduced into England in 1953. 13 When it was foremost introduced in 1950s, the inoculation programme has efficaciously reduced the incidence of TB by 77 % 18 21 .( 2145 words )DiagnosisTuberculin struggle or Mantoux streamletThe Oklahoman the disease is discovered, the Okl ahoman the disease is treated, the larger the opportunity the disease can be cured and managed so that it will non distribute to others unwittingly. This is due to early sensing of disease can forestall more organic structure parts from universe infected and the country of infection can be reduced. The most common method used in diagnosing of TB infection is the tuberculin trial or Mantoux trial. It uses purified protein derivative and inject 5 units of it into the tegument of a patients. 14 15 If a raised bump of more than 5mm appears at the site after 48 hours, the trial may be positive. The trial can hold false positive or false negative consequence.hypertext transfer protocol //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantoux_test( 2274words )Chest X rayIf the tuberculin trial shows positive consequence, corroboratory clinical intuition of TB can be carried out via roentgen ray and microbiologic scrutiny of phlegm. X-ray image of a TB patient will demo abnormalcy in mid and upper lungs Fiel dss and lymph nodes might be enlarged. X-ray trial can merely propose there is TB infection but do non corroborate it.Normal chest roentgenogram ( hypertext transfer protocol //www.medicine.cu.edu.eg )Chest X ray of a XDR-TB patient ( hypertext transfer protocol //www.eurosurveillance.org/images/dynamic/EE/V13N30/TB_Ireland_Figure1.jpg )Sputum trial( 2428 words )hypertext transfer protocol //nursinglink.monster.com/nfs/nursinglink/attachment_images/0000/2432/SputumTest_crop380w.jpg? 1212559672Besides that, day-to-day phlegm aggregation over 3 back-to-back yearss is recommended. Sputum proving for acid-fast B is the lone trial that confirms a TB diagnosing. Sputum or other bodily secernments such as from your tummy or lung fluid can be elegant for growing of mycobacteria to corroborate the diagnosing. It may take one to common chord hebdomads to observe growing in a civilization, but eight to 12 hebdomads to be certain of the diagnosing.Evaluation of start source 1I evaluated the beginning hypertext transfer protocol //www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5211a1.htm where the guideline on the intervention of the TB was published. It proved to be ideal because it matched with many other beginnings in term of information. For illustration, in the take hold of pharmacotherapy enchiridion used by druggist as a beginning of mention ( Barbara G. Wells Joseph T. Dipiro Terry L. Schwinghammer Cecily V. Dipiro ( 2009 ) 7th edition Pharmacotherapy Handbook. fall in States of America McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ) , it is found that the guideline for intervention and the doses is the same.Furthermore, the information from this web site is honorable and accurate as it was published by Centre for Diseases Control and Prevention, United States of America. It is a United State federal bureau under the segment of Health and Human Services. It works to protect public wellness and supply information sing how to forestall and bring around diseases for the safety intents. It is non-profit based.Beginning 2Besides that, I evaluated the beginning from a journal expression Pereira S.M. Dantas O.M. Ximenes R. Barreto ML. ( 2007 ) BCG vaccinum against TB its protective consequence and inoculation policies . The information about BCG vaccinum in this article is proven to be dependable and accurate because it matched with the beginning from hypertext transfer protocol //www.patient.co.uk/health/BCG-Immunisation.htm. Both of the beginning stated that BCG inoculation is non 100 % guaranteed protection but its high effectivity of about 80 % enable many TB instances to be prevented.( 2664 words )

Frederick Douglass Essay

Frederick Douglass once said, I didnt shaft I was a knuckle down until I found let out I couldnt do the things I wanted. Frederick Douglass author and protagonist of the Narrative of Frederick Douglass was a striver that suffered over twenty years of physical ab persona, want, and starvation to a lower place the rusty, blood crusted chains of break ones backry. Frederick Douglass is a former Ameri female genital organ hard worker who taught himself to be a brilliant writer and orator who sparked the abolitionist movement. He writes approximately his former flavor, in which he had suffered by heart of years of starvation, dehydration, and deprivation of the basic necessities of life. However, because of those years of suffering, Douglass was able to be one of the few hard workers that revealed the pitiful integrity behind thraldom. Douglass shows the audience through the use of literary devices that ignorance is a tool of slavery and familiarity is the alley to grant ing immunity. Frederick Douglass writes using litotes, antithesis, and chiasmus to apologise the use of ignorance as a fetter and the suppression of friendship to conceal the raceway to freedom.Frederick Douglass emphasizes the use of ignorance to prevent slaves from obtaining knowledge about(predicate) freedom and slavery through the use of litotes. After Frederick Douglass reads through The Colombian Orator, he realizes the truth about ignorance, freedom, and knowledge. Douglass writes, It was this everlasting thinking of my condition that tormented me. There was no getting rid of it. The silver trump of freedom had roused my soul to eternal wakefulness. freedom now appe bed, to disappear no more forever (Douglass 24). Douglass realizes that freedom was inwardly his reach and nothing could make the overwhelming urge to reach out and grab freedom disappear from the depths of his reason. Litotes are spoken communication that controvert their opposite, similar to being lo st in a maze. A line that jackpot be bring ind as a simple, straight line, is warped into a complex creation of passages that merge and intertwine with one another.The slave-owners dont want the slaves to realize the truth about ignorance, knowledge, and freedom. So, the slave-owners shape an elaborate metaphoric maze. The maze is a barrier that prevents the slaves from exiting the reality of ignorance and disgraceing the world of freedom. each time a slave enters the maze, they are bound to run into obstacles such as hem ins of ignorance and dead ends of pain which are obstacles that slave-owners create in hopes of reject them. Slave-owners whip, torture, and even kill slaves that enter the maze that enters the world of knowledge. Slave-owners will exploit to discourage slaves so that the slave retraces his steps back into the world of ignorance. However, this is not the case for Frederick Douglass he makes it through the entire maze despite the merry and the walls of i gnorance that fetter them, and pursuit a world of knowledge rather than the world of ignorance he once lived in.Once a slave enters the world of knowledge, the slave-owners brush aside no longer pull them back into the world of ignorance, and the slave post freely roam between the deuce worlds and expand his knowledge. As they do so, the truth about knowledge, freedom, and slavery are unlocked from their cryptic toilet table and revealed to the slave. Douglass uses litotes to exemplify the walls that slave-owners put up in hopes of staying their slaves unwitting of knowledge, many times succeed however, when a slave overcomes these walls, the idea of knowledge and freedom enter their mind and the slave-owners no longer have the bureau to remove those ideas. Slave-owners use ignorance as a wall to prevent slaves from culture about the truth behind slavery, freedom and knowledge however, once a slave overcomes the fetters, the slave-owner can no longer control the slaves though ts and actions. Once a slave enters the realm of knowledge and understands, he/she amazes to mentally rebel against their slave-owners because their newly earned knowledge c rebukees with the cruel ideas of slavery.Frederick Douglass shows the clash of knowledge and ignorance through the use of antithesis in the succeeding(a) passage. Frederick Douglass is working at a Chesapeake Bay when he apostrophizes to the multitude of ships lulling at the bay. Douglass mentally yells, You are loosed from your moorings, and are free I am fast in my chains, and am a slave You move merrily before the gentle gale, and I deplorably before the bloody whip You are freedoms swift-winged angels, that flee around the world I am confined in bands of crusade (Douglass 38). Frederick Douglass lashes out with anger as he realizes that he was not considered a man, he was considered a slave, a slave who had less rights than the ships that surround him. Douglass uses antithesis, words that are positioned so that like ideas contradict each other, similar to two like poles of a magnet grating against each other creating a engagement, a clash.Frederick Douglass is enraged after realizing the cruelty and prejudiced ideas of slavery that positioned him down the stairs everyday population and below inanimate objects, like the ships on Chesapeake Bay. bondage is the South Pole of the left magnet, with ignorance as its pair, the pairing Pole. On the right hand side, the South Pole is Freedom with its matching partner, knowledge as its North Pole. When ignorance and knowledge meet, the two north poles repel each other and create an invisible conflict. Slave-owners try to prevent slaves from gaining knowledge so that their knowledge wont clash with their former ignorance causing a mental conflict against the slave-owners.Douglass is enraged when he sees the free ships drifting on the pacifying ocean, his former ignorance about slavery conflicts with his new knowledge and creates a clas h, causing his mind to lash out at the negligence of slave-owners towards slaves. His ignorance of slavery clashes with the knowledge of freedom creating a conflict, which he then overcomes to understand the reality of slavery. Frederick Douglass understands the use of ignorance as a tool to conceal the truth about freedom and slavery. Once, the mind wraps its implements of war around the concept of slavery, a flood of new knowledge enters the mind causing an uncontrollable mental lash that attacks the ideas of slavery.As a slave becomes familiar with the ideas of freedom and slavery, he begins to think of ways to evade the fetters of ignorance and he becomes confident about freeing themselves from the treacheries of slavery. Douglass uses chiasmus to foreshadow his escape from ignorance in the following passage. Douglass shows how a slaves fate can be situated if they overcome the fetters of ignorance and fully understand the ideas behind slavery and knowledge. Douglass wrtes, Y ou have seen how a man was made a slave you shall see how a slave was made a man (Douglass 39). Douglass overcomes the chains of ignorance and sees through the thin faade of lies the slave-owners create and creates his own path to freedom, using knowledge. Chiasmus is like a serial publication circuit with four start out bulbs that is powered by a whizz battery. Douglass starts out in a life of slavery, because of that he lived in a life of ignorance. The two light bulbs on the very right are now lit.Normally, the first battery would power the rest of the bulbs after light up the first one however, slave-owners create a large curtain/wall of ignorance that prevents slaves from gaining knowledge and ultimately freedom. Slave-owners will beat, whip, and starve their slaves in order to keep the two light bulbs on the very right lit. However, for slaves like Frederick Douglass, they square up ways to suppress the circuit disruptor and light the third light bulb, knowledge. Slave-own ers dress up another wall in hopes of delaying the lighting of the final examination light bulb freedom. By the time slaves light the third light bulb, they begin to rebel both mentally and physically against their slave-owners. Slave-owners will stop at no means to prevent the lighting of the final bulb, even if it means killing the slave.However, if the slave is reserved and cautious, they can skirt around the final faade and light the final bulb of freedom. However, if the slave does not sojourn cautious after lighting the final bulb, they may be direct back to the first two bulbs with the appeaseing bulbs of knowledge and freedom extinguished, creating an undying circle in which the slave is trapped in. Douglass uses chiasmus to emphasize how avoiding being move back to bulb one allows the slave to regain their rights of freedom. Douglass shows how constant diligence through the circuit can ultimately result to freedom or back to slavery.Through the use of chiasmus he ex emplifies how the constant repetition or cycle of slavery, freedom, ignorance, and knowledge can be overcome if the slave can pass through the two fetters and keep the final bulb lit without extinguishing it. Slave-owners use the walls of ignorance to separate freedom and knowledge from slavery and ignorance. A vast majority of slaves are chained behind the wall of slavery and ignorance however, a few brave slaves like Frederick Douglass overcome that wall and enter the realm of freedom and knowledge. Through the use of chiasmus, Douglass shows how the endless circuit can be overcome if the walls of ignorance are removed and the lights of knowledge and freedom remain lit.Frederick Douglass shows the audience how slave-owners use ignorance as a tool to conceal the truth behind slavery and knowledge to prevent slaves from creating a path of freedom through the use of litotes, antithesis, and chiasmus. Douglass suffered a terrible burden while he was a slave he wrote this novel in hope s of persuading more people into supporting the abolition of slavery. Frederick Douglass used these three literary devices to create situations that create a parallel situation with the subjects of knowledge and ignorance, freedom and slavery. Douglass uses litotes to apologise the use of ignorance as a maze to prevent slave from make knowledge, he uses antithesis to explain the clash between knowledge and ignorance, and he uses chiasmus to explain how the endless cycle must be ended for a slave to be free.Douglass is a former slaver, an impassioned abolitionist, a brilliant writer, a newspaper editor, and an eloquent orator who greatly influenced the abolitionist movement. Through this book, he hopes to reach the souls of his audience and make them understand the true values of his life which circled around slavery, ignorance, freedom, and knowledge. All of Frederick Douglasss slave owners had prevented slaves from learning how to read and write, the slave owners wanted to keep t hem ignorant of knowledge however, Frederick Douglass obtained knowledge and because he obtained that knowledge, he was able to see through the faade the slave owners had created and see the path to freedom. Douglass, an extremely influential man is one of the few men in life who have been able to thoroughly understand the use of ignorance as a tool to keep slavery intact and find ways to evade these fetters. I have found that, to make a snug slave, it is necessary to make a thoughtless one. It is necessary to darken his incorrupt and mental vision, and, as far as possible, to annihilate the power of reason, (Douglass 58).

Web Based Information System

Implications for project counseling and education processes The unique nature of many meshwork-based drills broadens the role of traditional project management and adds a sassy dimension to the software training process. In rundown to the participation and contribution of analysts, designers, programmers, architects, managers, domain experts and so on, web-based applications often contain portentous multimedia circumscribe (images, movie clips, sound clips and text) requiring specialist resources for their bustment. Multimedia informationGroups separate from the software engineers usu eachy produce multimedia web content in parallel, in a similar way that on-line alleviate is typically produced by a technical writer rather than a software developer. Some recent studies indicate that specialist resources needed to develop multimedia content may outnumber software engineers. For the purposes of estimating software organic evolution effort, multimedia content is assumed to exist and the effort required for their achievement is outside the scope of the software engineering process. However, the effort of integrating these elements inevitably to taken into account.Furthermore the effort to create the multimedia content itself essential be incorporated to produce an everyplaceall project estimate. focus on developing telephone circuit logic The novelty of developing web-based applications can be captivating and may obscure the fact that modelling an applications melody concern logic, whether it is being implemented in a web page, a component or an object remains the central focus of the project. tissue-based application development requires project management best practice as ofttimes as any other type of application development. lineage webing Business net functional is a marketing method by which worry opportunities are created done networks of like-minded business people. There are several prominent business networking organizations that create models of networking activity that, when followed, allow the business person to kind new business dealingship and generate business opportunities at the same time. many another(prenominal) business people con hunt down business networking is a more cost-efficient method of generating new business than advertising or public relations efforts.This is beca delectation business networking is a low-cost activity that involves more personal fealty than follow money. As an extype Ale, a business network may tick to meet weekly or monthly with the purpose of exchanging business leads and referrals with fella members. To complement this activity, members often meet outside this circle, on their own time, and build their own one-to-one relationship with the fellow member. Business networking can be conducted in a local business community, or on a more larger scale via the network.Business networking websites have grown over recent years due to the Internets ability to connect people from all over the world. Business networking can have a meaning likewise in the ICT domain, i. e. the provision of in operation(p) stick out to companies / organizations, and related value gyves / value networks. It refers to an activity coordination with a wider scope and a simpler implementation than pre-organized workflows or web-based impromptu searches for transaction counterparts (workflow is useful to coordinate activities, but it is complicated by the use of s. . patterns to deviate the flow of work from a pure sequence, in order to compensate its intrinsic linearity impromptu searches for transaction counterparts on the web are useful as well, but only for non strategical supplies both are complicated by a plethora of interfaces &8212 SOA / XML / web services &8212 needed among different organizations and even between different IT applications indoors the same organization). Online business networkingBusinesses are increasingly using business sociable networks like XING or professional business networking tools like Boardex as a means of growing their circle of business contacts and promoting themselves online. Since businesses are expanding globally, social networks retain it easier to keep in touch with other contacts around the world. Specific cross-border e-commerce platforms and business partnering networks now make globalization accessible also for small and mass medium sized companies.Face-to-face business networking Professionals who wish to leverage their presentation skills with the spurring of physically being present, at execute general and exclusive events. Many professionals tend to prefer face-to-face networking over online based networking because the potential for higher caliber relationships are realizable. Many individuals also prefer face-to-face because people tend to prefer actually knowing and meeting who they intend to do business with.General business networking Before online networking, there was and has alw ays been, networking face-to-face. Schmoozing or draw elbows are expressions used among business professionals for introducing and meeting one another, and establishing rapport. Business networking in the ICT domain Companies / organizations &8212 and related value chains / value networks &8212 need approximately sort of IT support.Traditionally, it is set upd by software applications, software packages /suites, ERPs and/or workflows presently, also by different types of web-based innovations. A truly ICT business networking approach rethinks &8212 and rebuilds &8212 the operating support from scratch, around two key business features information contributions, to be provided by the activities involved (whether they are performed by human beings, automated tools or conjointly by the two, in a coordinated way) (automated) information exchanges, to be provided by the TLC network.Information contributions and exchanges, in turn, need to be supported by data storage (plain or redunda nt, with or without automated recovery to collapse service continuity) and access security (signature, encryption, authentication, decryption), which both can be provided either as add-ons or as built-in features. Introduction to Novell Novell, Inc. has made password over the years for its business struggles. Novell enjoyed success as a common vendor of network software &8212 principally the NetWare operating system.Today the company is working to build an Internet networking business, but they face strong contest. NetWare The NetWare operating system supports the networking of personal computers (PCs). Installed on a PC, NetWare creates a server milieu for the sharing of files, printers, and other network services. One of the first software increases designed for PC networking, early variations of NetWare appeared in the late 1980s. NetWare 3 was originally called NetWare 386 and released for use with Intels 80386 processor.Likewise, Novell developed NetWare 4 in the early 1 990s for the Intel 80486. NetWare 5, the latest version of Novells operating system, has been available since September, 1998. Together, NetWare 3, 4, and 5 enjoy an installed base of millions of servers worldwide. NetWare encountered stiff competition from Microsoft beginning in the mid-1990s with the introduction of Windows NT Server products. Some believe the speedy growth of Linux server networking &8212 although difficult to measure accurately due to the untied nature of that operating system &8212 is also impacting NetWares popularity.NDS The media sometimes refers to Novell Directory Services (NDS) as the crown jewel of Novells product offerings. Like NetWare, NDS has benefited from a long development history resulting in mature technology with a large installed guest base. What makes NDS especially appealing is its flexibility and the range of potential applications in network management and ecommerce. NDS is an LDAP directory service. Directory services like NDS provide i nformation repositories for distributed network resources ranging from devices to Web site customer profiles.LDAP &8212 the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol &8212 offers a mensuration way to access this information. Web sites such as CNN and AltaVista use the NDS eDirectory product. eDirectory tracks visitor activity to these sites, building a special-purpose database of customers that can be used to provide personalization services. While NDS was originally a NetWare-only technology, eDirectory now works with Windows NT and 2000, Solaris, and Linux in attachment to NetWare 5 servers. Novell offers several other products based on eDirectory technology. NDS Corporate Edition, for example, implements network resource management.The digitalme service adds more secure personalization capabilities to eDirectory. As with NetWare, however, Novell faces competition in the directory services space from Microsoft Active Directory (not to mention products from other vendors such as iPl anet Directory Server). More Web Services In 1996 and 1997, Novell achieved some success with its IntranetWare product family design for intranet data sharing. Today, Novell continues to offer GroupWise email and calendaring for intranets (and other Web-based networks). Novell also is working with technology for Web content caching.The Novell Content Exchange subscription service brings Internet caching and other software to the data center where Web content is served. shutdown Novells low stock price has led to speculation of a possible buyout in the companys near future. These rumors are nothing new. As far linchpin as 1996 and 1997, industry pundits debated various buyout or merger scenarios involving IBM, AT&T, Netscape, and even Microsoft. None of these scenarios came to pass, so perhaps it most likely &8212 layoffs past &8212 that Novell will continue working to grow its network services business in the months and years ahead.

Decision Analysis Essay

Finally, both(prenominal) typical problem classes are examined and some requirements for prototypical structures are discussed. An mental hospital to problem structuring conclusion analysis can be divided into qu maneuverette paces structuring the problem formulating inference and preference models eliciting probabilities and utilities and exploring the numerical model results. Prac* This explore was supported by a grant from the Department of Defense and was monitored by the Engineering Psychology Programs of the Office of Naval Research, under contract firearm writing this paper, the author discussed the problem of structuring extensively with Helmut Jungermann. The present version owes overmuch to his thought. Please dont take footnote 3 excessively seriously. It is part of a footnote war between Ralph Keeney and me. ** Presently with the social Science Research Institute, University of Southern California, University Park, Los Angeles, CA 90007, (213) 741-6955. 12 D. von Winterfeldt /Structuring finding problems titioners of decision analysis generally agree that structuring is the most important and difficult step of the analysis.Yet, until recently, decision analytic research has all but ignored structuring, concentrating sooner on questions of modeling and elicitation. As a result, structuring was, and to some extent heretofore is, considered the art part of decision analysis. This paper examines some attempts to turn this art into a science. Trees are the most common decision analytic structures. Decision trees, for example, represent the sequential aspects of a decision problem (see Raiffa 1968 Brown et al. 1974). new(prenominal) examples are goal trees for the representations of values (Keeney and Raiffa 1976) and event trees for the representation f inferential problem aspects (Kelly and Barclay 1973). In fact, trees so much dominate decision analytic structures that structuring is often considered synonymous to building a tree.

Life Cycle Assessment Essay

This Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) aims to evaluate the purlieual impact of the reapingion of apprizedlesticks. All the varied substantives and processes required to manufacture squeeze outdles accept to be taken into consideration to determine the impacts on the environs. The most unwashed material practiced to manufacture scum bagdles is paraffin wax. Each candle comes in almost type of individual packaging most of the time. Candle wicks argon do utilise various inseparable fibers, much(prenominal) as reeds, rushes, or cotton. An important refinement in wick technology introduced the plaited wick, which burned more than unplaited wicks. Currently, twisted or plaited cotton makes up most of the wicks. The candlestick is made of steel, or could also be made of coat. The functional unit give be a 125ml candle able to generate up to 25 hours of light. Each steel-made candlestick can only hold one candle, and can be used several times.InputsParaffin wax Cotton alloy Materials for packaging OutputsGas emissions when candles burn, paraffin wax emits greenhouse gasses such as carbon dioxide. Depletion of natural resources paraffin wax is derived from crude oil colour. Paraffin candles ar petroleum wares, a non renewable resource. It could increase pollution due to oil spills and the processes undeniable to extract petroleum. At the same time, the extraction of metal claimed for the candlestick causes long volumes of solid counteract, requires large amounts of energy, and produces air, soil, and water pollution. Chemicals toxicity some candles might have lead or zinc in their wick, which discover harmful gasses when they burn. Also, scented candles can release toxins from the chemicals used to give them scent. indecision 2 of 3 (10 points)Corporate Environmental Management ToolsEcolabelling Swan eco-label was highly-developed for candles by the Nordic ecolabelling. The main purpose is to take the emission and event of substances harmful t o users health and the reduction of gases that have and impact on humour change. According to this scheme, 19 out of 28 are environmental requirements, such as description of the candle, description of chemical additives, among others. Design for the Environment alter consumers to quickly identify products that are safer and that can help protect the environment allow for make them choose a certain product more frequently. If manufacturers start focusing on producing candles that are made from the safest possible ingredients, consumers, producers, and the environment will benefit.Sustainability reports Keeping track of environmental effect and the capacity of a company to use and maintain resources in a way that prevents depletion, will improve economic, and social performance. If candles can be produced in a more sustainable way, that is, using substitutes sources that are renewable and slight(prenominal) harmful, the final product will be more successful in all the areas. The refore, describe this information will allow constant improvement of all the processes. combine add chain management It is important to know which stages in a supply chain are the ones that are being less efficient, and negatively affecting the merchandise of a levelheaded, in this case, candlesticks. Determining these processes can modify their improvement to have a more environmentally friendly supply chain.Carbon footprint As we need metals for producing a candlestick, we depend on large amounts of energy and, if the energy is generated using fossil fuels, it has a large carbon footprint. Measuring carbon footprint allows the whole manufacturing process to be analyzed, realizing which stages have a stronger impact and how can they be improved. Cleaner production improvement of the machinery used in each stage of production can decrease the environmental impact of producing candles, as it will decrease waste created after different processes. It can also make the processes m ore efficient, benefiting the company. breeding of technology has made these improvements possible. Stakeholder analysis every single company must consider all the interested parts in a product as they are the ones that decide how successful and efficient a good will is. If the manufacturing of candlesticks is for example affecting the surroundings of a plant, people, that are consumers too, can generate social impacts that will worsen the companys performance and image.Question 3 of 3 (4 points)Challenges and limitationsCandles can be made of different types of wax that have different impacts on the environment. Some of the raw materials that could be used to produce a candle can be less harmful than others. The candleholder life span could vary depending on the quality of the metal that is being used. Therefore, changing the life span of the candlestick.Transition from a rock n roll musician to Grave to a Cradle to CradleSteel has high tittle metal recycling value. Old metal m aterial can be reused to make new products. Recycling old metal products uses 95% less energy than manufacturing it using new materials. Metal recycling processes require using a lot of energy. If we recycle metal products we only have to use a low percentage of this total energy, decreasing the use of our natural resources and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.To minimize wasteful wrapping of candles, the material used for packaging can reduce the environmental impact by choosing more recyclable materials. Aluminum, for instance, could be used as a pedestal for the candles, or even to manufacture a candleholder, considering it can be comfortably recycled. Glass, can be recycled too, reused, and even upcycled into new materials or products. Avoiding candles with extra fictile packaging can also decrease the negative impacts on the environment. In addition to packaging decisions, considering the materials used for manufacturing of candles can benefit the producers, consumers and t he environment. For example, soy and beeswax candle emit fewer harmful chemicals when burned. Another way to reduce pollution is to buy from local candlemakers. This reduces wasteful packaging, and there is no need to transport raw materials to a farther manufacturing plant, and to consumers at longer geographical distances. Thus, reducing fuel usage and supporting local businesses as well.

How Permanent Are Permanet Markers

For my science fair project, I figured show up what response would work best to cancel out persistent marking. The solvents I tested were puke succus, acetum, pissing, and rubbing alcoholic beverage. I tried each of these solvents on a fixed marker line on charge card, paper, fabric, and wood. In this research paper, I depart be talking ab issue what a permanent marker is, how they ar go, why they work so well, what rubbing alcohol is and its common uses, what acetum is and its common uses, what body of water supply is and why water is so essential, and what exactly bum juice is.I get out similarly be talking about how plastic is do, how fabric is made, how wood is made, and how paper is made. A permanent marker is a type of writing utensil that is utilize to create permanent lines on almost any surface. The sign of a permanent marker is water resistant, contains propanol, butanol, diacetone alcohol, and different dye colorings, and can vary amid all colourise fr om black to yellow. The process of creating a Sharpie permanent marker is not very freehanded or complicated. First, the barrel of the marker is molded out of a plastic resin.Screen printing is added to the barrel, including information such(prenominal) as the commentary of the color of the ink and the Sharpie logo. A filament made out of cotton fiber fiber material is utilise to hold in the ink as it is inserted into the barrel. A exactle is used to inject the permanent ink from the opponent end of the barrel. Then the writing suggestion is applied. The cap is placed on the Sharpie marker and the permanent ink is torpidly absorbed into the tip of the marker. The Sharpie is the most popular permanent marker company worldwide.The dent Sharpie was founded in 1857 and sold ink and glue. Any permanent markers ink must contain three ingredients to work. These ingredients are colorant, carrier, and resin. The colorant is what gives the ink its color. Colorants in permanent ma rkers are oftentimes pigments, instead of dyes, because pigments fade little easily and do not bleed through paper. Dyes are disintegrable in water, whereas pigments are not. Dyes cannot withstand light as long as pigments can, although dyes are generally available in a wider spectrum of colors.Carriers are what contain the dye to the paper. They must be able to evaporate quickly at a time the ink is used. Carriers used to be made up of chemicals such as xylene and toluene, but were vastly replaced by alcohol-based markers in the 1990s. The resin is what causes the ink to stick to a surface. It must have a sticky quality. The resin forms a film over the pigment once the carrier evaporates. The fence that permanent marker works is because permanent ink soaks into a surface, whereas invariable erasable ink does not soak into surfaces, but binds to surfaces.Permanent ink is made with resins and dyes dissolved in glycol and water. The ink dries when the glycol or water evaporates and it soaks into the surface, leaving a permanent mark. There are ways to efficaciously remove ink from permanent markers. Alcohol will work to erase permanent marker on almost any surface. Many items, such as hairspray or deodorant, contain alcohol and could effectively erase permanent marker. Baking soda is another well-known permanent marker remover. vinegar was one of the solvents I auditioned with. Vinegar is the intersection of the fermentation of ethanol.The very slow fermentation process can take weeks or even months and occurs essentially. With a machine to help promote oxygenation, however, fermentation can be as quick as a few days. The typical pH of vinegar can range from 2 to 3. 5. Vinegar can be used for many things, such as a cooking ingredient or condiment, it can be used for household cleaning, it has medicinal properties, and it even has untaught applications. Lemon juice was another solvent I experimented with. Lemon juice is exactly what it sounds wish we ll. It is lemon juice squeezed from a lemon.Lemon juice has similar nutritionary values as the whole lemon. Lemon juice is an excellent line of descent of Vitamin C and can help your body against harmful germs and bacteria. Lemons are also antioxidants and can help the brain and nerve cells as well as having calcium to help your bones and teeth. The solvent that worked best in my experiment was rubbing alcohol. Rubbing alcohol is a denatured alcohol in occurrence used as an antiseptic. It can also be used to cool, warm, or soothe skin. It can inflame the skin and if ingested, may potentially be fatal.Rubbing alcohol consists of 2 ingredients isopropyl alcohol and water. In fact, rubbing alcohol consists of so much isopropyl alcohol (70%) that it is often referred to just as isopropyl alcohol. Water was the nett solvent that I used in my experiment. Water is essential for anything and everything. man beings need water to stay hydrated and survive. All living creatures need wate r to stay hydrated and survive. Everyone uses water every day whether its to shower, brush their teeth, to drink, swim, wash their hands, or to water plants.Seventy percent of the world is made up of water. Water contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, and is often referred to as H2O. The H2 stands for the 2 oxygen atoms and the O stands for oxygen. Water can be a liquid, solid, or gas. Water in its regular state is a liquid, can be frozen to form ice, which is a solid, or turn at 100 C to evaporate it and turn it into water vapour, which is a gas. Plastic was one of the surfaces I used in my experiment. Plastic comes from the Greek word plastikos, which means fit for moulding.Plastic is made using a long and complicated process. First, petroleum is drilled and transported to a refinery. Then, crude oil and natural gas are refined into many petrochemical products such as discharge for your car, ethylene, and propylene. Catalyst is combined with ethylene in a reactor, res ulting in polymer, a powdered material. Afterwards, the polymer is combined with additives in a blender. The polymer is put in an extruder, where it gets melt down. The melted plastic is now cooled and a machine trims the plastic into small pellets. The pellets are shipped to industries.The industries manufacture plastic products by melting the pellets to a semifluid state, putting it in a mould under great pressure, and hardening it. The mould opens and the product is completed except for situation work. Another surface that I used in my experiment was paper. To make paper, first trees are specially harvested like crops for the purpose of making paper. Logs of wood are put through a machine that takes off all the bark on the tree. Then, wood chippers cut the wood into 1 inch bits and the bits are put inside a pressure cooker with chemicals and water.The pulp is then washed, refined, cleaned, and turned to slush in a machine that beats the pulp. Color dyes, coatings, and other su bstances are mixed in and the slush is pumped onto a moving wire screen. The water is course away on the screen and is recycled. The web of slush is rolled between large rollers to remove a large amount of the excess water and to ensure smoothness and uniform thickness. The resulting product is run through het drying rollers to remove all of the remaining water. The completed paper is wound into large rolls, which can measure up to 30 feet wide.A slicer cuts the paper into small, more controllable rolls. The paper is now ready for use. Wood was the third surface I used in my experiment. The process for making wood is quite simplistic. First, enter companies cut trees down and bring them to a mill. There, they are prepared for particular uses. Machines cut the logs into boards and are sealed or pressure-treated to preserve them. Then the boards are either sold through a lumberyard or sold this instant to companies which need them. Fabric was the final surface that I tested the removal of permanent marker on. Cotton fabric also has a prolonged process.First, the ginning, which is the method of separating cotton fibres from seedpods. This is done by machines in a cotton field. Then, the cotton fibre is spun. Yarn is produced from spinning cotton fibre. In this stage, the cotton yarns are made of different thicknesses. Afterwards, a machine weaves threads of yarn, which in the end turn them into cloth after weaving many threads together. Now, the cloth is basically constructed, but must go through some detail work. First, the cloth goes through singeing, which is the process that burns off excess fibres viscous from the goods.Then, the cloth goes through scouring, which is the cleaning of the fabric. Then, some fabrics are bleached to make it a lighter colour. Mercerizing, which is the dipping of fabric in alkali to make it stronger, shiny, durable, grovel free, and stretch free, comes next. Finally, the fabric is treated with chemicals to make it more durable, and it is shipped off to companies that will either use or sell it. Vinegar, water, lemon juice, and rubbing alcohol all have many uses around the house, but when it comes to erasing permanent marker, rubbing alcohol definitely beat the rest.

Indian Paint Industry

The size of the paints marketplace in India is estimated at Rs 110 bn, with the contribution of the organised and unstructured discussion sections in the ratio of 6535. Reduction of excise duties over the come through few eld, from 40% to the present level of 14%, has helped create a level playing field between the unorganised and the organised segments, as the former is not subject to excise duty. As the unorganised vault of heaven loses its competitive edge, it is also losing market shargon to the organised sector impostors.In view of the small(a) per capita annual consumption of paints in India (0. kg, comp atomic number 18d to 4 kg in South East Asian countries, 22 kg in unquestionable countries and a global average of 15 kg), the domestic paints labor has tremendous potential. The paints constancy is working-capital intensive, rather than fixed-asset intensive. As in consumer non-consumer durables, dispersal strengths and firebrand building argon of paramount impor tance. The Indian paint industry witnessed juicy growth in turnover on the back of enlarge volumes during the feast season. Both enhancive and industrial segments performed well during the quarter.Moreover, the margins received a further with the domestic currency continuing to rise against the greenback, causing a genuine reduction in cost of imported inputs. This in turn bring forth some of the players in the industry to reduce the prices of select products to sink on the benefit to the customers. Further, players argon going in for capacity expansions to reap the benefits of the advance demand for paints Segments On product lines, paints can be differentiated into decorative or architectural paints and industrial paints.While the former caters to the housing sector, the self-propelling segment is a major consumer of the latter. Decorative paints can further be classified into reward, medium and distemper segments. Premium decorative paints are acrylate resin emulsio ns used mostly in the metros. The medium melt down consists of enamels, popular in smaller cities and towns. Distempers are economy products demanded in the suburban and rural markets. well 20 per cent of all decorative paints sold in India are distempers and it is here that the unorganised sector has dominance.Industrial paints include demolish coatings, highschool performance oating and automotive and marine paints. But two-thirds of the industrial paints produced in the sylvan are automotive paints. Decorative and industrial paints are the segments within the sector, in a 7030 proportion. Brand equity, a wide range of shades, dispersal strength and efficient working capital management are key success divisors in the decorative paints segment. A strong distribution net profit acts as an entry barrier. Within the decorative segment, enamel is the king-sizest sub-segment, method of accounting for over 50%, followed by wall finishes, primers and wood finishes.The season for decorative paints is from October to March, a period characterised by festivals interchangeable Diwali, and the summer, when scene is normally autoried out. The industrial segment pertains mainly to automobiles. In this segment, technological competence, product range and customised solutions are of utmost importance. Technological strength is another entry barrier. The slowdown in the automobile sector has affected the overall growth of the industrial segment, as the former contributes around 50% of the latters revenues.Other sub-segments are marine paints, mill coatings for white goods like refrigerators and washing machines, and industrial coatings. Within the paints sector, the proportion of the industrial paints segment is likely to increase in the next few years and the ratio is likely to become 5050. The demand for decorative paints is highly price-sensitive and also cyclical. Monsoon is a slack season while the peak fear period is Diwali festival time, when most peopl e repaint their houses. The industrial paints segment, on the other hand, is a high volume-low margin business.In the decorative segment, it is the distribution network that counts while in the industrial segment the deciding factor are technological superiority and tie-up with automobile manufacturers for assured business. The assign of industrial paints in the total paint consumption of the nation is really low compared to global standards. It accounts for 30 per cent of the paint market with 70 per cent of paints sold in India for decorative purposes. In most developed countries, the ratio of decorative paints vis-A -vis industrial paints is around 5050.But, with the decorative segment bottoming out, companies are increasingly focussing on industrial paints. The future for industrial paints is bright. In the next few years, its share would go up to 50 per cent, in line with the global trend. Decorative Sector Composition ( to be check for accuracy of figures) Enamels 50% Distem per 19% Emulsions 17% outside conclusions 12% Wood Finishes 2% Decorative Sector Features Enamels Steady growth. These are oil found paints which are widely used for painting on all surfaces including walls, wood and metals.They also find application in painting of hoardings and signboards and repainting of commercial vehicles. Emulsions Shift from distemper and enamels to emulsions. High growth area. These are premium qualtity oil based wall paints. Distempers High growth in low priced low quality distempers as consumers are upgrading from limewash. These are water based wall paints priced at a much lower range than the supra two. Exteriors Exterior emulsion fastest growing segment in the Indin blusher market.Industrial Sector Composition ( to be check for accuracy of figures) self-propelled Paints 50%High Performance Coating 30% Powder Coating 10% Coil Coating 5% Marine Paints 5% self-propelled Sector High growth sector with a number of sunrise(prenominal) entrants like Mercedes Benz, Mitsubishi, Daewoo, Hyundai, Honda, Fiat, General Motors, Ford. However, recently there is some slackness in Auto demands. Two wheeler market booming due to demend from large Indian middle class. Goodlass and Asian Paints are the leading OEM players and ICI is the leading player in the replacement market PowderCoatings Increase growth due to increased sales of white goods and auto ancillaries.Berger and Goodlass lead in this solid powder coating segment used for decoration and protection of white goods, electronic equipment and auto components. High Performance Coatings Steady growth due to increase investments in refinery segment and power sectors, particularly Thermal and Nuclear. Coil Coatings issue based paints for sheets and coils. ICI and Asian Paints lead this segment. Marine Shalimar and Bombay Paints are the major players in these anti-corrosive, underwater paints used for ships and containers. Chemicals These high performance paints are used in fertilisers, petrochemicals etc. or prevention of corrosion.APIL dominates the decorative segment with a 38 per cent market share. The company has more than 15,000 retail outlets and its brands Tractor, Apcolite, Utsav, Apex and pass are entrenched in the market. GNPL, the number-two in the decorative segment, with a 14 per cent market share too, has now increased its distribution network to 10,700 outlets to compete with APIL effectively. Berger and ICI have 9 per cent and 8 per cent shares independently in this segment followed by J&N and Shalimar with 1 and 6 per cent shares.GNPL dominates the industrial paints segment with 41 per cent market share. It has a lions share of 70 per cent in the OEM passenger car segment, 40 per cent share of two wheeler OEM market and 20 per cent of commercial vehicle OEM market. It supplies 70 per cent of the paint want of Maruti, Indias largest passenger car manufacturer, besides supplying to other customers like Telco, Toyota, Hindustan Motors, virtuos o Honda, TVS-Suzuki, Mahindra & Mahindra, Ashok Leyland, Ford India, PAL Peugeot and Bajaj Auto.GNPL also controls 20 per cent of the consumer durables segment with clients like Whirlpool and Godrej GE. The company is also venturing into new areas like painting of plastic, coil coatings and cans. APIL, the leader in decorative paints, ranks a light second after Goodlass Nerolac in the industrial segment with a 15 per cent market share. But with its joint venture Asian-PPG Industries, the company is aggressively targeting the automobile sector. It has now emerged as a 100 per cent OEM supplier to Daewoo, Hyundai, Ford and General Motors and is all set to ride on the automobile boom.Berger and ICI are the other players in the sector with 10 per cent and 9 per cent shares respectively. Shalimar too, has an 8 per cent share. nude Material scenario The paint industry is raw(prenominal) material-intensive, in terms of value and quantity of raw materials used. Raw material costs ac count for around 70% of total toil costs. Imports constitute around 30% of the raw material requirements. The most hypercritical raw materials used are titanium dioxide (TD) (rutile and anatase grades), phthalic anhydride (PAN) and pentaerithrithol PENTA).Some other raw materials like castor oil, soyabean oil, linseed oil and mineral turpentine are also used. Increasing prices of raw materials, on the one hand, and the inability to pass on the price increases from recession and competitive pressure, on the other, are major areas of concern. Of the 300 raw materials (30% petro-based derivatives), nearly half of them are imported oil products. Thus, any deficit in global oil reserves affects the bottomline of the players.

Family structure in the United States Essay

During WII nuclear families were the most common family type. Men were the main breadwinners and the women stayed at home, taking address of the children. This has now shifted to sh atomic number 18d and even reversed roles, as dual-earner families are overly on the rise. Since WWII, at that place has been a rise in types of families such as extended, iodine parent and step. Of all the households in 2005, 57% were couple families compared with 70% in 1971. The biggest fall has been in couple families with three or to a greater extent than dependent children (Fisher Et Al 2012) There are many a(prenominal) reasons why family structures let changed since WWll. The biggest factor has been disjoind, with a dramatic increase from plainly 339 divorces in 1971 to 2,360 in 2015 (nisra.gov.uk 14/09/17). There are now approximately 1.7 million lone-parent families in Britain making up active 25% of families. This was due to the Divorce clean up Act of 1969 taking force in 1971.The social stigma of divorce was no longer as big an issue and financial liberty is now increasing for women, making it easier on women to leave their husbands (www.theguardian.com). This devalued marriage, with many choosing not to legally marry. 36% of adults in Northern Ireland remain single (NI Census, 2011). Cohabitation is on the increase, with almost 6 in 10 babies being innate(p) to either unmarried parents or a single mother. The add up are greatest in capital of Northern Ireland and Derry (The Belfast Telegraph, 23/9/15). Cohabitation during and later WW2 would have been seen as unforgivable with hardly any couple doing so. carve up of factors have changed to make couples living together out of wedlock much relaxed. There has been a decrease in social stigma and a decreasing church influence, with only 1 in 10 mess now regularly attending church (www.bbcnews.co.uk). However, Northern Ireland has the highest level of churchgoers in the UKwww.faithsurvey.co.uk. Only 36% of marriages take place in church examine to 1960 when all marriages took place in a church (www.stp.pembrokeshire.sch.uk).The introduction and approachability of contraception have had an influence on family structures. This has had a major launch on couples starting their families, especially if they are concentrating on building their career. consort to BBC News (4/12/11) in Britain in the 1960s, the oral contraceptive was available only to married women who felt their families were complete. By 1974 all women, including those who were single could have the pill prescribed. When contraception was more widely used it affected the UK by couples having smaller families. They were able to plan if and when to start and family and how many children to have. The NI Census shows a reduction in the average household size from 2.65 in 2001 to 2.54 in 2011. Many couples are now child slight. The Sunday Times magazine (Christina Patterson, 20/10/13) backs up this information stating that It is estimated that, by 2018, 25% of British women of childbirth age will never have a baby, and this increases to a third of women with degrees. The dependence of women working in WW2 and the suffragette movement meant that the roles of women changed significantly and by the 1960s, 38% of women were employed (www.bbc.co.uk). The equal pay act was passed in 1970 plentiful women their rights, however, according to ONS statistics on average, women are paid over 19% less than men. Followed by the Sex Discrimination Act, then shortly after women at last won the right to 14 weeks maternity leave in 1993 and more in recent years. These acts allow women to work in within a working environment fairly and being paid the same as men which means that single parents have a better luck of coping on their own rather than being having the stress of determination a partner (www.bbc.co.uk). Statistics back this up by stating that there are now approximately 1.7million lone parent families in B ritain this makes up about 25% of all families (Fisher et al 2012)There has also been an increase in families based on same-sex civil partners as a result of order in 2004. The first same-sex civil partnership took place in Belfast in December 2005. The number of same-sex marriages in Northern Ireland from 2005 to 2015 have kaput(p) up and down throughout the years due to media portrayals. In 2005 there were 12 same-sex marriages increasing to the highest number is ever been in 2010 at 116. The numbers have decreased since then to 89 in 2015.

Jimi Hendrix and His Life Accomplishments Essay

Jimi Hendrix was one of the al near influential and intelligent medical specialtyians of the 20th century, and through his work he make rock medical specialty what it is today. His talent with a guitar was what made him so hot in his own time. The reason he became a rock and aver legend in the 20th century was because of his new fashion, outrageous performances and his tidy lyrics which captivated his audiences. His new style of music involved, the extensive use simply sensitively nuanced use of feedback, distortion, and other electronically manipulated sound effects. (Hendrix, Jimi). Some comprise the performances he put on to be crazy or insane, scarce his fans found them to be inspiring. Nevertheless, The true power of his genius lay in his musical and lyrical candor. (Fricke).On November 27, 1942 at 1015 freedom fighter altogetheren Hendrix was born in King County Hospital. Johnnys name was changed 4 years later to James Marshal Hendrix, the name he is divulge k now by today. Just a hardly a(prenominal) months after Jimi glum 16 his let Lucille died. Jimi got his first guitar later in the year of his mothers death. (Time gillyflower) many a(prenominal) heap think his heartbreak over his mothers death is why Jimi turned to the guitar and compose music because, At its core, Hendrixs music was all about the blues. (Fricke). A year later in 1959 Jimi gambol in his first contrive with The Velvetones. Then Jimi dropped out of high school to join the army. He was whole in the army for about 3 months because he got injured during a mission and was discharge. Less than a year after being discharged from the army Jimi began to play on the R & B circuit. later about 4 years of that Jimi formed his own band called jemmy James and The Blue Flames.In this band is where he was discovered by a man named Chas Chandler. (Jimi Hendrix Biography) Then on October 6, 1966 Jimi Hendrixs most hot band was formed, Jimi Hendrix Experience. Over the cou rse of about 2 years the Jimi Hendrix Experience released their 1st, 2nd and 3rd singles. They also toured in the UK, US, with the Monkeys and Jimi had his now legendary performance at the Monterey Pop feast. In late 1968 and early on 1969 Jimi received Artist Of The Year, Performer Of The Year, and World Top Musician awards. Jimi Hendrixs c areer then began a downfall as the Jimi Hendrix Experience stone-broke up and Jimi got arrested in Toronto. Jimi formed his last band called Band Of Gypsys and they contend a few big plans in 1970. Then Jimi played his biggest concert in front of 500,000 mess at the Atlanta Pop Festival on July 4, 1970. Jimi Hendrixs last concert was at the Isle of Fehmarn in Ger galore(postnominal). Jimi died on September 18, 1970 and just the day before Jimi wrote his last melody entitled The Story of Life. (Time Line)There were numerous enceinte musicians in the 20th century, and some mess believe that they urinate had a greater ferment than J imi Hendrix on rock today. There were the Beatles, pane of glass Presley, the Rolling Stones and many other amazing musicians. Each of these artists also produced anywhere from 10-30 albums in their careers and, in his life time Jimi Hendrix officially released only 3 studio albums (Fricke) With so little music produced for the public how could he ease up influenced rock in any way at all. There are also other people who think Jimi Hendrix was a bad influence. Jimi Hendrix ran into many problems with the law involving his use of drugs and his anger problems.Some people feel that if somebody influential is using drugs or committing violent acts this is influencing fans and followers in a wrong and potentially harmful way. There are also people who probably just didnt like his music. The furor Hendrix created upon his arrival on the London pop scene was unprecedented. (Fricke) His new style of using piles of electronic sound effects was very different and new, and to some people probably it just sounded like a bunch of noise. If anything, some snarl his influence changed rock for the worse.It is definitely true that there were many great musicians that played a part in influencing rock music and devising it what it is today. Those musicians also wrote more albums and had more popular songs than Jimi Hendrix. But having many albums and popular songs isnt what really influenced the development of rock music or the people who played and wrote rock music. What really influences something is a new and unique style, and that is on the button what Jimi Hendrix provided. He, did not conform to British fantasies of sharpdressing soul belters grizzled old bluesmen, who played rock & roll guitar (Fricke).The way he took control during a concert using his pure talent with a guitar and the new style he had in his heart, changed the way concerts were to be performed forever. Jimi Hendrix did have a few flaws in his personality, but that doesnt change his influence in the slightest. His influence came directly from his music and this part of him was flawless. simply pulling sounds out of the spread and taming them into one seamless whole, accomplishing it with unassailable daring. (Mitchell)Jimi Hendrix was one of the most influential and talented musicians of the 20th century, and through his work he has made rock music what it is today.The combination of that creative drive with his stunning technique, sonic imagination and ingenious, esthetical exploitation of effects like wah-wah, feedback, distortion and sheer earthquaking volume modify rock & roll and its primary instrument, the electric guitar forever. Hendrix left an indelible, ferociously individual mark on popular music, accelerating rocks already dynamic rate of change in the late Sixties with his revolutionary synthesis of guitar violence, improvisational nerve, spacey melodic reveries and a confessional intensity born of the blues. (Fricke)Although Jimi Hendrix didnt a ffect any other fields other than rock music directly, his influence on rock music continues to effect the world today. Many people have various aspects to their personality and Jimi Hendrix was definitely one of them. On his one posture he had serious drug and anger problems. This side of him, obviously the bad one, was not the side his fans thought of when they saw his measure on their wall. They thought of his flawless other side in which he was an amazing guitarist, song writer and performer. Jimi Hendrix loved to write music and play his guitar more than anything else in the world, For Hendrix it was the substance of life. (Fricke).Work CitedFricke, David. Jimi Hendrix The Greatest Guitarist of All Time. Rolling Stone. February 6, 1992Hendrix, Jimi. The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. New York Columbia University press, 2003.Jimi Hendrix Biography. Well Always immortalise Jimi Hendrix. (1 December, 2003)Mitchell, Elvis. Jimi Hendrix Again, Going Out With a Bang. New York Time s. October 6 2001, A20Time Line. Jimi Hendrix Online Archive. (3 December, 2003)

Bsn vs Associate Degree in Nursing Essay

Nursing is a familiarity based discipline, which focuses on the wholeness of human being. (Faucett, 1933. ) As per definition obligates atomic number 18 playing peachy role in modern medicine, either with an fit in degree or as bachelor of nursing degree. Both, with the same licensure, the Registered Nurse. Nurse. The retainer dDegree nNurse(ADN) takes a shorter path of two years where the BSN takes longer one with 4 years of education to complete the degree.When we comp atomic number 18 the data collected by various groups of nursing professed(prenominal)s, it is evident that the mortality rate, medication errors and patient outcomes argon largely improved with high number of BSN onboard. The ADNAssociate degree nurse plan was introduced to minimize the nursing short jump on during post, second world warSecond World War. up to now though The Goldmark report in 1923 recommended that the entry level of education for professional practice as a registered nurse should be a bache lorBachelor of intuition in nursing (BSN), the new Associate degree nurse curriculums, gained some(prenominal) popularity among health care settings, and continuesprograms, gained much popularity among health care settings, and continue in time today. Associate degree nursing programs are more to task oriented, where BSN program is based on theory and research. The needs of patients are changing on a daily basis, the need for higher education for nurses is in great demand..Nurses are advocates of patient population, so be prepared to have the companionship to help them, in preventive medicine, risk reduction, disease management, public health and over all provide a safe environment as per Nightingales theory of environment. When you compare work of an mate degree nurse with a BSN on a daily basis you could see the differences of approaches between touch degree nurse and a BSN. In this authors experience, an brother degree nurse is strong oriented to practical side of nursi ng, which is thoroughly demod.When comes to a patient with MRSA transmission of an amputated limp site, the Associate degree nurse, is warm to get the patient pain meds, help with positioning, dressing changes, and maintains a disrobe environment, maintains contact isolation and provided emotional support. Whereas the BSN is there to teach the patient and family around prevention of infection, promotion of healing by correct diet choices, change magnitude activity and maintain the previous activity level, and prevent progression of infection and further loss.Also coordinated the care with dietary, physical therapy, occupational therapy, sociable services and case management services etc, thus provided the patient a smooth transition to the new life as a properly above knee amputee. The BSN did investigate about the support groups, prosthesis options, family dynamics, and so on. In this situation one could clearly see the different slipway of an associate nurse in their scop e of practice vsvs. BSN performed through evidence based nursing practices.The expectation to the future of nursing is that, nurse should be capable of maintaining a patients over all well being, mentally, physically, socially and emotionally. One could obtain those qualities through proper education and adapting twofold ways of thinking. The ability of clinical reasoning is very important. The clinical escort of patient is changing, always ask yourself, why, what and how. Why the clinical picture is changing, what are the causes, and how can we correct that.For this we have to understand the metaparadigm of nursing, explained by the founders of nursing. A nurse also should have the clinical imagination, scientific and creative reasoning. The new age of nursing is characterized by a synthesis of facts and ideas that generate principles and theories. (Rogers,1994) . One could hardly achieve that by advancing ones education to a higher level. Once you reach that level, the horizon is wide you could further bring up your studies to masters programs, nurse practitioner in various disciplines, go for doctors degree programs etc.etc. In a study report from worldwide Jjournal of nursingof Nursing sStudies, June 2009, headed by Dr. Kkoen Van den Heede found a study link between the number of BSN on cardiac care units and infirmary mortality. Data analyzed from different countries including Canada, Belgium, Netherlands and USA. The result showed there were 4. 9 percentages less deaths per 1000 patients on intensive care units with higher number of nurses with BSN degree.Linda Aiken and her associates, in their Landmark study in 2003 showed a strong connection between the educational level of registered nurses and patient outcomes. Substantial survival advantage notable specially in surgical patient population. , Even as littler as 10% increase in the BSN degree holders make a difference in patient death and failure to rescue by 5%. A exceedingly educated nurs ing work world power is essential to the future of nursing. In short, the medial world is changing, so as the patient.So it is imperative that, the nursing work force should change to mate the needs of future health care. So here the transition from associate degree nurse to BSN is much more appreciated and welcomed. Reference -The name page is a separate page. This is not APA format. Creating a more highly qualified nursing workforce (fact Sheet) Retrieved from http//www. aacn. nche. edu/media/factsheets/nursingwrkf. htm Retrieved on 01/06/2012 from Creasia & Friberge, The Bridge to headmaster Practice, Conceptual foundations 5th edition.

Kaplan university science Essay

This assignment concerning the differences between reputable author and questionable sources is in regards to weight outlet programs. There ar so many incompatible programs available to the public. Unfortunately they are often from a questionable source consisting magic pills and supplements and marketed as the recommendations of a seemingly practicing physician who has conducted scientific query of sorts that will back up his claims. Many times it is stated or at least implied that there is absolutely no necessary depart in diet or lifestyle needed. I think this makes their products a best-seller because it feeds into the fears and insecurities of the customer as well as the fantasy of something for nothing. For example, there is a new fad of weight supplements by Dr. Oz. Oprah and Other Celebrates Lose 4lbs a Week of BellyFat With This Secret That Readers Can Try NowAccording to Dr. Travis Stork, Garcenia ply Extreme works in more than one personal manner. The first way is it goes in and causes the body to burn glucose, or sugar, and burn fat primarily in the liver.The second way, the most important way, is it slows the release of sugar into the bloodstream. So, when you assumet have sugar building up because sugar turns to fat. When the twain combine together, you get this synergistic effect that basically burns and blocks and bread fat, but it is also natural and safe. (Dr. Oz n.d.) The advertisement goes on besides to will quotes from seemingly satisfied customers whom boast of unprecedented weight difference in record breaking time without changing a wholeness thing in their daily routine or diet. However, there are medical weight loss programs which are the result of legitimate and coadjutor reviewed research.These programs offer no magic pills or supplements but do provide tested and proven facts concerning healthy and sustainable weight loss generate by a routine exercise regimen, significant reduction in calorie intake, and dramatic l ifestyle changes. None of which is by any gist easy. But, this is the program that can confidently guarantee amazing weight loss results and deliver. For example, Specialist dietitians competent in Counterweight Programme delivery conducted deuce four-hour training sessions and a further 3 hour sessions after 6 months to consolidate the initial training.

Test Bank for Cost Management Essay

Answers1. A.Competence, confidentiality, integrity, and relevance. Given 2. B. Competence, confidentiality, integrity, and credibility. 3. C. Competence, confidentiality, independence, and objectivity. 4. D. Competence, accuracy, integrity, and independence. check to the IMA Code of Ethics, what should a forethought accountant do if a evidentiary ethical situation cant be resolved? starting line chimericalAnswers1. A.The accountant should confront the guilty party and demand the unethical action be stopped. 2. B. The accountant should interpret to rationalize and understand the status of the a nonher(prenominal) party. 3. C. The accountant should say nothing about the matter until he or she has retired. 4. D. The accountant should first discuss the matter with the immediate supervisor. The strategy map is a tool that is characterd signaling untimelyAnswers1. A.as unrivalled of the key aspects of the contemporary trouble environment 2. B. to enhance the sustainability o f the formation3. C. to association the perspectives of the balanced scorecard4. D. to organize the critical success factors of a ships connection5. E. to implement strategyWhich of the following is the primary user of counseling account information regarding fear units? signboard chimericalAnswers1. A. Company management.2. B. Investors.3. C. Creditors.4. D. Indus savour and regimenal organizations.When managers produce honour for the customer, their orientation consists of all the following draw hold back IncorrectAnswers1. A. forest and Service.2. B. Timeliness of delivery.3. C. The ability to respond to the customers liking for particularised features. 4. D. State of the art manufacturing facilities.If a firm decided to evaluate and reorganize the way it did personal line of credit, in hopes of creating competitive advantage, by changing or decreasing jobs, the fellowship would be using which of the following management proficiency? level IncorrectAnswers1. A.The value chain.2. B. Business intelligence.3. C. Business process improvement.4. D. harvest reevaluation.5. E. Life cycle greet.Which of the following is not considered part of the Institute of anxiety Accountants definition of management accounting? Mark IncorrectAnswers1. A.Partnering in management decision making.2. B. Devising planning and performance management systems.3. C. Gathering, summarizing, analyzing, and providing information. 4. D. Providing expertise in pecuniary reporting and control. 5. E. Assisting management in the formulation and implementation of an organizations strategy. The difference between wholesalers and retailers isMark IncorrectAnswers1. A.Wholesalers atomic number 18 merchandisers that apportion directly to customers whereas retailers argon merchandisers that sell to other merchandisers. 2. B. Wholesalers argon merchandisers that sell to other merchandisers whereas retailers are merchandisers that sell directly to consumers. 3. C. Wholesale rs are merchandisers that sell directly to the government whereasretailers are merchandisers that sell to other merchandisers. 4. D. Wholesalers are merchandisers that sell directly to customers whereas retailers are merchandisers that sell directly to the government. 5. E. There is no difference between wholesalers and retailers. equal management has moved from a traditional role of crossroad cost and operational control to a broader strategic centralize, which places an emphasis on Mark IncorrectAnswers1. A.Competitive pricing.2. B. Domestic commercialiseing.3. C. Short-term thinking.4. D. Strategic thinking.5. E. Independent judgment. buttocks costingMark IncorrectAnswers1. A. topical anaestheticizes cost ground on an expected market demand for the growth.2. B. Determines cost based on a budget.3. C. Determines cost based on standard cost.4. D. Determines cost based upon market expenditure and in demand(p) profit. Cost management information typically is the responsibi lity of the Mark IncorrectAnswers1. A.Chief Financial Officer.2. B. Controller.3. C. Treasurer.4. D. Chief Information Officer.A practical example of when the possible action of constraints would not be an appropriate management technique to use would be Mark IncorrectAnswers1. A.Long lines at checkout stands.2. B. Busy signals on meshing server sites.3. C. One critical production process provides 60 part/min. output, compared with a company-wide output of 90 parts/min. 4. D. Balanced, fast flow of product through the plant.A companys management accountant is move to improve the way cost are allocated within the company. Currently, several bodied expenses are grouped together and labeled overhead. If the accountant wanted to use activity-based costing (ABC) to help solve the problem, what should she do? Mark IncorrectAnswers1. A. She should try to map the segments costs to their cost objects, and then charge from each one department based on those cost relationships. 2. B. She should research how the companys competitors are allocating their costs, and then implement one of those strategies. 3. C. She should look for bottlenecks within the production process, and try to eliminate them, thus reducing costs. 4. D. She should examine the firms value chain and apply target costing before adopting ABC. Which of the following is not a contemporary management technique used by the management accountant to respond to the changing business environment? Mark IncorrectAnswers1. A. green light risk management2. B. Lean manufacturing3. C. Life cycle costing4. D. Enterprise sustainabilityCorporate management is required to identify and solve problems from a cross-functional view. preferably of viewing a problem as related to a specific business function, management solves these problems by combining skills from different functions simultaneously. This approach is called Mark IncorrectAnswers1. A.Inclusive approach.2. B. Integrative approach.3. C. Intra-function approach.4. D. Multilateral approach.Strategic management can be defined as the educatement of a sustainable Mark IncorrectAnswers1. A.Chain of command.2. B. Competitive position.3. C. Cash flow.4. D. Business entity.5. E. Company image.Which of the following does not conciliate a main stress of cost management information? Mark IncorrectAnswers1. A.Strategic management.2. B. Performance measurement.3. C. Planning and decision making.4. D. Preparation of financial statements.5. E. interior auditing and control.In keeping with the current trend of increased strategic planning, how cast management accountants changed their use of life story-cycle costing? Mark IncorrectAnswers1. A.They have flat shifted their focus from R&D costs to marketing and forwarding costs. 2. B. They have turned from a sole focus on manufacturing costs to a much wider outlook, taking into account costs from the entire product lifecycle. 3. C. They stopped looking at the entire life-cycle, and no w focus their assistance on product design costs. 4. D. Accountants dont use life-cycle costing, that chore is left for the operations manager. Which of the following professional certificates is considered to be the most germane(predicate) for dealing with cost management issues? Mark IncorrectAnswers1. A.The CPA, which is monitored differently for each state in the U.S. 2. B. The CMA, which is administered through the Institute of Management Accountants. 3. C. The CFA, since its program focuses on the broadest range of topics and responsibilities for financial analysis. 4. D. The CPA, CMA, and CFA are viewed as equally relevant, since all trey require an exam, as well as specific background and give birth requirements. In a local factory, employees are rewarded for finding newfound and wear out ways of changing the way they work. This company is motivating its employees to use what managementtechnique? Mark IncorrectAnswers1. A.Benchmarking.2. B. Activity-Based Costing.3. C. Theory of Constraints.4. D. Continuous feeler.5. E. Total Quality Management.All of the following are examples of total quality management practices yet Mark IncorrectAnswers1. A.Redesign of a product to reduce its parts by 50 percent. 2. B. Reduction in the movement required in a manufacturing job. 3. C. Separating the sales and services functions.4. D. Raising raw material quality standards.5. E. Cross-training conclave line workers to cover sick leave absences. Which of the following aspects of the contemporary business environment involves using statistical methods such as regression or correlation analysis to predict consumer behavior, to measure customer satisfaction, or to develop models for setting prices, among other uses? Mark IncorrectAnswers1. A. Business Intelligence2. B. Target Costing3. C. Life Cycle Costing4. D. Benchmarking5. E. Business Process ImprovementManagement accounting information plays a critical role in all of the following management functions e xcept Mark IncorrectAnswers1. A.Profit planning.2. B. executive compensation.3. C. Planning and decision making.4. D. Hiring a new CFO.5. E. Preparing financial statements for the SEC.The five go for strategic decision making include all of the following except Mark IncorrectAnswers1. A.Identify the election actions2. B. Gather, summarize, and report accounting information3. C. Determine the strategic issues surrounding the problem 4. D. Choose and implement the desired alternative5. E. Provide an ongoing evaluation of the effectiveness of implementation A local area consulting firm is trying to increase the long-term strategic focus of its company reports. Therefore, the firm has decided to use the balanced scorecard. What type of new information that the company currently doesnt use in its financial reports, should the company include? Mark IncorrectAnswers1. A. Non-financial information, including customer satisfaction, innovation, etc. 2. B. additive financial information, such as profitability measures and market value. 3. C. Product life cycle information.4. D. Supplemental accounting reports.Which of the following is not a major change in the business environment that has affected the way many an(prenominal) companies think about conducting business? Mark IncorrectAnswers1. A.An increased focus on the customer, especially their opinions about functionality and quality. 2. B. A growing emphasis on globalization new markets for products and new competitors. 3. C. A larger number of companies are starting to use advanced information technologies, such as business intelligence. 4. D. The development of improved cost management methods.Which of the following aspects of a company would not be considered a critical success factor, for a company that competes on differentiation? Mark IncorrectAnswers1. A.Cutting edge research and development.2. B. thin customer service.3. C. Award-winning product quality.4. D. Continually beating competitors to the market with new, modernistic products.5. E. High level of production efficiency.Target costing determines the desired cost for a product upon the basis of a given competitive price such that the product will Mark IncorrectAnswers1. A.Earn at to the lowest degree a small profit.2. B. Earn a desired profit.3. C. Earn the maximum profit.4. D. Break even.5. E. Sell the highest volume.Read more http//testbank102.com/free-test-bank-for-cost-management-a-strategic-emphasis-5th-edition-multiple-choice-questions-part-1/ixzz34m1MeTVt