SUV Instability Essay -- essays research papers

The Instability of Sport Utility fomites     As the ambulance slowly pulls a elbow room from the accident, a police officer stops to ponder how contrasting this crash was from all the others in which a Sport Utility Vehicle was involved. He realizes it is no different at all. SUVs are the leaders in rollover crashes in the United States which includes all vehicles of make and model. They have been around for an extremely long time but, so have their problems. However, there were no problems actually documented due to the incredible instability of the cars during the first time period in which SUVs were created. Although extremely popular and useful, Sport Utility Vehicles are extremely dangerous and highly supersensitized to roll over in sharp turns and high speeds. Reasons for such crashes include things like high ranking executives ignoring engineers warnings about the potential hazard of the vehicles, and high speeds conflate with sharp turns. Also, over- and/or under- inflated tires on a top-heavy, high-centered vehicle. Sport Utility Vehicles are extremely popular. A few reasons are for their all-terrain capabilities, the feeling of safety battalion have while their driving them, and their seating capacity. However, it is also for these reasons they are unstable. The false feeling of safety leads people to be careless while driving them, and/or leads people to feel in charge of the road thereby creating a higher chance of an accident or rollover.     The history of the Sport Utility Vehicle and its unique problems with rolling over in high speed fast reaction situations starts almost at the beginning of the car. According to John D. Pietro, the Suburban was introduced way back in 1936, the Chevrolet (and GMC) Suburban was based on a commercial panel truck, but instead of having a huge, windowless cargo area there was a large passenger compartment (The History). The early makers of General Motor Company, (GMC), saw potential in building a vehicle which could carry more people and solace be useful in big jobs such as construction. GMC was the first company to build an SUV. The title of the first SUV and/or high capacity vehicle maker, however, is still up for debate. Such a part in the debate is in 1934, the name was shortened to "Westchester Suburban" and Dodge was selling them to the army (The ... ... or under inflated tires on a top heavy, high centered vehicle. All these combined with the everyday hazards of normal driving in traffic or high stress situations create a large potential for fatalistic and harm causing incidents. Work Cited Dipietrom, John. A Chevrolet/GMC/Suburban History. 6 Dec. 2001. 17 Oct. 2002      Grimaldi, mob V., and Cindy Skrzycki. SUV instability led to Ford advising low tire pressure. ChicagoSuntimes.com. 21 Aug. 2000. 25 Sept., 2002 Healey, James R.. Crash study ranks deadly vehicles USA Today 23 Oct. 2000 34The History Of The Su burban, 2 June 2000. 17 Oct. 2002 Lisante, Joan E. Explorer Goes on Trial. ConsumerAffairs.com. 8 Jan. 2001. 25 Sept., 2002. Pittle, R. David. Consumer Reports Responds to Mitsubishi Statements Regarding Its Tests of the 2001 Mitsubishi Montero Limited. Consumersunion.com. 21 June 2001.25 Sept. 2002 Solomon, David. Nutz and Boltz Automotive Survival Guide. Chicago Contemporary Books, 1997SUVrollovernews.com. 17 Oct., 2002SUVs Escalating Risks On The Highways, SUVSafety.org. 25 Sept., 2002. Van Sickle, Dave. 2002 New Cars and Trucks. Heathrow, Florida AAA Publishing, 2002.

Theoretical Issues Related to Human Resources :: Human Resources Essays

This essay go out discuss the theoretical issues related to humanresource focal point strategies, human resource planning, workoutrelations, diversity management and recruitment and selection. Theessay will compare the differences in human resource managementbetween two airlines, American Airlines and Southwest Airlines. Finally the essay will put forward recommendations to the two airlinesin the human resource area.The human resource needs of todays organisation need to becontinually analysed due to constant changing conditions. Thisanalysing is known as human resource planning (HRP) and it ensuresthat the right number and type of lot are available at the righttime for the organisation (Dessler et al 1999). There are manyfactors that contribute to HRP and trends that influence theorganisations external environment. These factors are workforcediversity, outsourcing, globalisation, expert development, neworganisational structures, casualisation and the shift frommanufacturing tow ards service and knowledge-based work (Dessler et al1999).Workforce DiversityWorkforce diversity is divergence from an assumed norm or set ofexpectations. The presidential term have created legislations confirming theright of all members of society to experience comparable life and workopportunities, irrespective of difference of sex, age, sexualorientation, religion, physical abilities or whether they decease tothe dominant culture or language group (Human Resource ManagementStudy Book). The reasons that these legislations were introduced weredue to the changing of the workforce. More women joined the workforceas did people of differing ethnic origins. The workforce has becomeolder because of the legal ruling of voluntary retirement age (HumanResource Management Study Book). Due to these changes andlegislations employers have had to re-think their employment policiesand procedures in areas such as selection, training and promotion(Human Resource Management Study Book).Some forwar d thinking organisations have looked beyond thegovernments requirements and have used the changes to benefitthemselves in the long term. These organisations have taken thisopportunity to better understand and serve the wider community, togain a competitive value over more traditional organisations. They have also tried to gain more knowledge of the needs andpreferences of specific groups in society and discovered the thingsthat king help to make the workplace more productive and satisfyingfor all their employees (Human Resource Management Study Book).Outsourcing.Outsourcing is where organisations use external providers for thoseactivities that are either non-essential or demand an injection ofmanagement resources and capital. This allows the organisation tofocus more on the core of the business operations (Dessler et al1999). Outsourcing is extremely important where HRP is concerned. Itcan be used as a strategy when skilling of resources will be expensiveand time consuming and it can also make forecasting easier if the

Andrew Carnegie :: essays research papers

5162000Over the last hundred years many great people have come and gone. solely a few of these people have etched a legacy in history that puts them in a category of being important by dint of out the entire vitamin C. To achieve this state of supreme centennial importance ones impact must benefit not only the people living in the present but must also positively affect the men and women of the near and distant future. Anyone who accomplishes this task should be named the most influential person of the ordinal Century. Because of Andrew Carnegies jut against harsh labor, expansion of the steel industry, and extreme generosity with ongoing philanthropic work, history will record him as the most influential person of the Twentieth Century.Carnegie is most widely known for his monopolization of the steel industry. He developed numerous companies to support the need for steel in the develop United States. He foresaw that following the Civil War steel was going to be an important part of American life. He decided that it would be a smart idea to invest in the developing industry and that decision paid off enormously. (Amer. Exp.) He worked to modernize the United States through the building of bridges, railroads, and separate vital roadways, which in turn brought the country together. By 1900, Carnegie Steel Juggernaut produced more steel, than all of Great Britain. In the early part of the Twentieth century large monopolies ruled the industrial world bringing about long hours, low wages, and harsh working conditions. This was also the time when the thought or the approach to unionize was completely out of the question as far as most leaders of industry were concerned. Andrew Carnegie was the one of the so-called robber barons that took a stand against the unfair working conditions. Carnegie preached the rights of laborers and matte they should unionize to protect their jobs. (Amer Exp 2) As a result of Carnegies strong reputation his stand for unionizati on sent a message to the world that unions can and should be allowed. He persevered to shorten the average workday, and saw industry as a corporation between the worker and the employer. Carnegie felt that work and money were a means to an end. His goal in industry wasnt to become the richest man but instead to improve himself to benefit the greater good of mankind. He felt that the best way to accomplish this goal was through communication.

Johnny Got His Gun Essay -- essays research papers

dignity because he could no longer interact with other humans. It was the authors idea of the finish off case scenario that could have occurred to a soldier who was injured. The description of his injuries gave the reader a picture of what it would be like to have lived with no legs, arms, or a face. It was a gruesome thought that helped personalize the story by making the reader feel bad for the main character. At this time legion(predicate) perceived bit in a war to be noble but for most of the soldiers it was anything but noble.Many times television shows, movies, and books had glamorized war, but that was not the truth. This book showed the tart reality of war that most people didnt know existed at the time. War is something that no man should ever hope for, but young workforce were told that it was glorious to fight for your country. The reality was that they put their lives on the line every day to fight for their country. It may have been heroic but definitely not glamoro us to kill another human. In some cases, soldiers who were in wars had severe mental problems when they would return home from war because of the brutality they saw. When Joe finally became conscience of his surround he realized what had happened to him. Due to his injuries Joe was isolated from the rest of the world. This made it so that he didnt even know if he was awake or sleeping. He kept having flashbacks to the war and to his life previous to the war. Then when he realized that his life was over he wanted to end it but he had no power to. He told others through morse code but they denied him death. The life that Joe Bonham led after his injuries was in no way glamorous but or else the worst possible way to liveWhen I originally started reading this book I thought that war was a necessary part of our rescript to keep other countries in order, but now I realize that war serves no purpose whatsoever. It is just a waste of resources and life that could be better used. I still b elieve that we should have an army to protect us but I now feel that we should use more simpleness when sending in military force. In most cases it is not necessary to shed blood in other countries. I believe that our army should lone(prenominal) be used in extreme cases when there is no other solution. In most cases it would be possible to resolve a problem without conflict but it is easier to just... ...ke the reader suffer, but to create recognition of the psychosis involved in co-existing with war. Johnny Got His Gun is not a wholeheartedly pacifist novel. Like many social protest works of the 30s, it ends with a call to arms against the masters of war "If you tell us to make the world safe for democracy we go away take you seriously and by god and by Christ we will make it so." The novel embodies the blunt, defiant anti-militarist spirit of Eugene Debs, Socialist Party writer bloody shame Marcy and Gen. Smedley ("War is a racket") Butler, the much-decorated WWI general who later changed his mind about war. Shortly after the publication of Johnny Got His Gun, this spirit waned as support for the sunrise(prenominal) war effort enveloped the majority of the Left. (In 1947, Trumbo would become one of the "Hollywood 10" who defied the House Committee on Un-American Activities and were jailed and blacklisted for their stand.) Then a genesis later, along with that spirit, the novel resurfaced unexpectedly. They keep each other alive. Trumbo, who died in 1976, would have appreciated how quickly the hoopla for the Gulf War evaporated. His book played a part in that. Watch for

Employee Appraisals Essay -- business, employee appraisals

Employee appraisals are a key component to a companys long-term success. The appraisals should be objective, rational, and accurate (Sims, 1987). With egress effective appraisals, the employee is not cognizant of how they are performing and a company is not getting the very best out their investment, the employee. In addition to appraisals, the employee should be afforded development feedback and opportunities. The appraisal allows the employee to r prohibiter what areas they are excelling in and what areas they need to work on and improve. Discussing with the employee the developmental opportunities testament allow the employee to see the possibility for career advancement if they achieve the goals set out in the appraisal. The appraisal is also a time when the employee tooshie openly voice their concerns and aspirations pertaining to their job. The employee can also get clarification as to what is expected of them and what it will take in the way of performance and goal fulfillment to advance in their career. Employees are well aware of the fact that appraisals for the basis for promotions and salary increases (Purwanti, 2011). The end result of both the employee appraisal and the opportunity feedback and opportunity is to allow the company to avoid employee turnover. Turnover is not only costly to the company but it can affect the overall performance of those employee left at the company when a unhappy employee either leaves by their own decision, or one that the company has to let go. The appraisal should be a structured approach and be consistent from employee to employee thereby not showing any type of favoritism. The expectations of the appraisal need to be addressed up front. Next the manager needs to let the employee sa... ...tedMinshew, K. (2012, July 31). 6 tips for better performance reviews. INC Magazine, Retrieved from http//www.inc.com/kathryn-minshew/best-practices-for-performance-reviews.htmlPurwanti, Y., Pasaribu, N., & Lumbantobing, P. (2011). Harmonization Process Between Individual Performance appraisal and Business Unit Performance Appraisal Without Decreasing Employee Engagement. Proceedings Of The European Conference On Intellectual Capital, 577-581.Sims, J. P., Gioia, D. A., & Longenecker, C. O. (1987). Behind the Mask The Politics of Employee Appraisal. Academy Of instruction Executive (08963789), 1(3), 183-193. doi10.5465/AME.1987.4275731Swiercz, P. M., Bryan, N. B., Eagle, B. W., Bizzotto, V., & Renn, R. W. (2012). Predicting Employee Attitudes and Performance from Perceptions of Performance Appraisal Fairness. Business Renaissance Quarterly, 7(1), 25-46.

Ray Bradbury Essay -- essays research papers

Ray Bradbury     Ray Bradbury was a dreamer. Bradbury had a skill at putting his dreamsonto paper, and into books. He dreams dreams of magic and transformation, welland evil, small-town America and the canals of Mars. His dreams are not onlypopular, but durable. His work consists of short stories, which are not hard topublish, and keep in the public eye. His stories have stayed in print for nearlythree decades.     Ray Bradbury was born on August 22, 1920, in a small town of Waukegan,Illinois. His parents were Leonard Spaulding and Esther Moberg Bradbury. Hismother, Esther Moberg loved films, she gave her son the middle happen upon Douglasbecause of Douglas Fairbanks, and she passed her love of films to her son. "Mymother took me to see everything....." Bradbury explains, "Im a child of motionpictures." Prophetically, the first film he saw, at the age of three, was thehorror classic "The Hunchback of Notre razz", sta ring Lon Chanley. His teenageAunt Neva gave the boy his appreciation of fantasy, by reading him the Oz books,when he was six. When Bradbury was a child he was encouraged to read the classic,Norse, Roman, and Greek Myths. When he was old enough to choose his own readingmaterials, he chose books by Edger Rice Burroughs and the comic book heroesFlash Gordon, Buck Rogers, and Prince Valiant. When Bradbury was in Waukegan he substantial his interest in acting and Drama. After seeing a magician, known asBlackstone, he became fascinated with magic also.     In 1932, his family moved to Tucson Arizona. With his talents he conditionedin Waukegan (amateur magician) he got a job at the local radio station. "I wason the radio every Saturday night reading comic strips to the kiddies and existencepaid in free tickets, to the local cinema, where I saw The Mummy, The Murdersin the Wax Museum, Dracula, .....and King Kong." His family only stayed inTuscan for a year, but Bradbury feels "It was one of the great years of mylife because I was acting and singing in operettas and writing, my first shortstories."     In 1934 his family moved to Los Angeles, where Bradbury has remained. Heattended Los Angeles High School, where he wrote and took vocalism in many dramaticproductions. His literary ... ...feild is. The demands of the commercialmarketplace and the need to confine a popular writer and his within an easyrecognizable depiction have resulted in Bradburys being jammed uncomfortably into abox labeled "Science Fiction". No definition of science fiction exists thatpleases everybody, and regular if it did, to apply it casually to the work of RayBrabdbury would be inaccurate and unfair. H.G. Wells, whom many regard as aclassical science fiction writer, had this to say near his own novels "They areall fantasies they do not aim to project a serious possibility they aim indeedonly at the sum total of convictio n as one gets in a good gripping dream. They haveto hold the reader to the end by art and illusion and not by proof and argument,and the moment he closes the cover the reflects he wakes up to theirimpossibility." Wells here is contrasting his stories with those of Jules Verne,wich he calls, anticipatory inventions." Viewed this way, virtually all ofBradburys stories are fantasies, with Wellss supposition of the "good grippingdream" coming closest to describing their effect. Even today Ray Bradburysplace in literature is not clear.

Ray Bradbury Essay -- essays research papers

Ray Bradbury     Ray Bradbury was a dreamer. Bradbury had a skill at putting his dreamsonto paper, and into books. He dreams dreams of magic and transformation, rock-steadyand evil, small-t own the States and the canals of Mars. His dreams are not onlypopular, but durable. His work consists of short stories, which are not hard topublish, and keep in the public eye. His stories arrive stayed in issue for nearlythree decades.     Ray Bradbury was born on August 22, 1920, in a small town of Waukegan,Illinois. His parents were Leonard Spaulding and Esther Moberg Bradbury. Hismother, Esther Moberg have a go at itd films, she gave her son the middle name Douglasbecause of Douglas Fairbanks, and she passed her love of films to her son. "Mymother took me to see everything....." Bradbury explains, "Im a child of motionpictures." Prophetically, the first film he saw, at the age of three, was thehorror classic "The Hunchback of No tre Dame", everlasting(a) Lon Chanley. His teenageAunt Neva gave the boy his appreciation of fantasy, by reading him the Oz books,when he was six. When Bradbury was a child he was encouraged to read the classic,Norse, Roman, and Greek Myths. When he was elder enough to choose his own readingmaterials, he chose books by Edger Rice Burroughs and the comic book heroesFlash Gordon, Buck Rogers, and Prince Valiant. When Bradbury was in Waukegan hedeveloped his fill in acting and Drama. After seeing a magician, known asBlackstone, he became fascinated with magic also.     In 1932, his family moved to Tucson Arizona. With his talents he learnedin Waukegan (amateur magician) he got a job at the local radio station. "I wason the radio every Saturday night reading comic strips to the kiddies and being paid in free tickets, to the local cinema, where I saw The Mummy, The Murdersin the Wax Museum, Dracula, .....and King Kong." His family only stayed inTuscan f or a year, but Bradbury feels "It was one of the greatest old age of mylife because I was acting and singing in operettas and writing, my first shortstories."     In 1934 his family moved to Los Angeles, where Bradbury has remained. Heattended Los Angeles High School, where he wrote and took part in many dramaticproductions. His literary ... ...feild is. The demands of the commercialmarketplace and the need to confine a popular writer and his within an easyrecognizable image have resulted in Bradburys being jammed uncomfortably into abox labeled "Science Fiction". No definition of science fiction exists thatpleases everybody, and even if it did, to don it casually to the work of RayBrabdbury would be inaccurate and unfair. H.G. Wells, whom many regard as aclassical science fiction writer, had this to say about his own novels "They areall fantasies they do not aim to project a serious possibility they aim indeedonly at the amount of confide nce as one gets in a good gripping dream. They haveto hold the reader to the end by art and illusion and not by proof and argument,and the moment he closes the cover the reflects he wakes up to theirimpossibility." Wells here is contrasting his stories with those of Jules Verne,wich he calls, anticipatory inventions." Viewed this way, virtually all ofBradburys stories are fantasies, with Wellss concept of the "good grippingdream" coming closest to describing their effect. Even today Ray Bradburysplace in literature is not clear.

How I (Almost) Saved the Earth Essay

There ar a lot of factors when considering building a green home. In Adams article How I Almost Saved the Earth, he states that the greenest house any one could ever build is a house that is never built. This is true, simply to most people this testament not be a reasonable way to spend their lives. Therefore, if one wanted to build a house with the least(prenominal) environmental impact to the planet, megabucks of planning and research will have to take place in order to achieve this type of house. Aspects Adams mentions that should be focused on is what type of clime the house is universe built in, finding knowledgeable architects and contractors of green building solutions and local building codes, researching green products, and how much extra money screw be put into these green solutions. These main aspects in planning a green home will have the best outcome. Determining what humor that the house is being built in is most important, and mainly effect how any house will built.Northern climate houses focus on maintaining heat whereas southern climate houses focus on keeping the heat out. With this in mind an eco-friendly furnace would not be necessary in southern climates. Another aspect determined by climate is the windows. As Adams put it, windows bleed heat, the less windows the better for maintaining temperature. As for southern climates, having many or big windows on the east and/or western United States side of the house is not a cost effective way of planning a build. Attic fans potentiometer also be determined depending on climate. Attic fans draw in outside cable to cool the bean plant in southern climates, whereas as in northern climates drawing in air is not a feasible way of maintaining heat. Another way of regulating temperature is the material used for the walls inside of the house. Stonework is most efficient, along with a solid foundation.Roofs are a main aspect that posits to be considered with the climate. The most efficient m eans of a roof in the southern climate would be a white roof because white is the color that produces the most heat reflection from the sun.Adams mentions a garden roof, which can be a great way to beat temperature inside the house, but considering the maintenance and the actual cost of this feature is absurd. The way to put all these aspects together is finding knowledgeable help from contractors and architects. It could take nigh time to find the right people, but will help greatly with experienced knowledge. They will know the current local building codes, knowing which materials that can be used and how they should be used. They will also know whether or not if code requires a radiant barrier. Either way, it should be at the steer of the list to be installed. One option Adams mentions for the home is a photovoltaic system. It can be a great way of diminishing the electric bill, in theory, but times have not yet caught up with the technology. Plus, solar panels can be very exp ensive. Once electric companies can install homes with book meters and the price of home solar photovoltaic systems drop, this option will be a great addition to every home.All of these aspects will be factored into my plans for a house of my own, mainly due to the reason Id like to keep my home at a constant cool temperature. Considering my house would be in a southern climate, most aspects I mentioned would be placed in my plans. My house would be compiled mostly of stone for the walls with a deliberate foundation. In my opinion, I like the way stone houses look. I would keep the number of windows to a minimum. Lets record if Id like to cessation during the day, itll at least be dark and cool. As for the roof, I think ill skip on the white roof and go with a infixed green colored aluminum, or copper roof. These metals do not retain a lot heat and will typically last longer than shingled roof. The attic fan and radiant barrier will definitely be installed to help with keep the attic cool. For the rest of the property, landscaping with be structured with materials and plants that require the least maintenance and watering. Sorry, no white-pebbled lawn for me, Ill stick to my blue grass.Another feature Adams placed in his house was a system that flows warm water by means of the entire floor. I cant see this as being much of a green option. It takes energy to constantly warm the water. I think this as more of a comfort feature. If your floor is cold put some socks on, orbuy a rug. I cant say my house would be entirely green, but Ill do my best with what Im able work with. Most of these aspects are, more or less, common-sense but should not be ignored in the planning process. Taking everything into account, it all comes down to how much of the budget can be dedicated to green solutions. Adams states it perfectly, Realistically, youll need to find a middle ground between green design and aesthetics. If money is no limit and curd appeal is not a factor there fore someone could have the greenest possibly house, but most people have financial limits and standards on how their house will look. Every part of the property can be taken into account to how green it can be the lawn, walls, windows, roof, and foundation can be considered for green efficiency.

Communication Trends

Delver Business communication plays a vital role in my day-to-day work activities as a hairstylist in somebody elses salon. For the most part, I use electronic communicating options like the smartened, multimedia messages, email, and instant messages. Communicating effectively with my clientele by keeping these lines of communication break is what I depend on to keep track of my clients and they can keep track of me.I use my smartened as the sole source of communicating with my clients. They can entreat me during a certain time frame, they can request appointments, through email and text, and they can always request their appointment times over my voice mail. at one time my clientele make contact with me, I then set there appointment right to my calendars. I use my smartened as my PDA, to take credit loosen payments and I can send my clients a receipt of their payments through text messaging or email.This trend in agate line communication has helped me cut thorn on buying offic e supplies and appointment books. I am more organized with my scheduling and I keep better track of my finances. Portable media players, and Pads, and neighborly media have become the backbone of the Cosmetology field. Most hair stylists and salons can be found over the internet. We can order our products over the internet, and even do personal tutorials over the internet.The beauty industry has taken well to the latest software engineering. The software has all(a)owed salon owners to run their entire salon using communication technology this is a huge milestone for hairdressers and salon owners. Most hairdressers, who are independent contractors, can operate their business inside someone elses salon, pay the necessary payments and fees for the set and ammunition with their clientele on a one-on-one basis.Stylists can also showcase their skills and the styles they can do by posting them on their personal business websites, on social media, and they can shoot live videos that can b e accessible to a large number of viewers. These forms of business communication is allowing hairstylists on all levels to be aspiring entrepreneurs and this wave of independent entrepreneurship is sending a strong message that entails being in cosmetology now means you are in a profession that is innovative with style trends but also innovative with business communications.

Sugar Gradient Lab Report

Sugar Gradient Lab Procedure 1. Get taboo 5 separate cups or beakers and fill them ? full with water in each. 2. Number each of the cups 1 through 5. And color accordingly with food dye Cup 1- 2 drops of yellow Cup 2- 2 drops of expiration Cup 3- 2 drops of green Cup 4- 2 drops of yellow and 1 drop of red Cup 5- 2 drops of blue 3. Add 1 scoop of start in Cup 1 2 scoops of sugar in Cup 2 3 scoops of sugar in Cup 3 4 scoops of sugar in Cup 4 8 scoops of sugar in Cup 5 4.Mix each cup until the sugar is dissolved completely and the food dye in shuffleed in well. 5. Take a pipette and fill it with the cognitive content in Cup 5. 6. except 10-20 drops down the side of the inside of a test tube (you may need to refill the pipette to accomplish this). 7. lap the pipette out in the sink. Flush the pipette out several times. 8. Take a pipette and fill it with the substance in Cup 4. 9. Drop 10-20 drops slowly down the side of the inside of the same test tube. 0. Rinse the pipette out in the sink. Flush the pipette out several times. 11. usurp steps 8-10 with Cups (IN THIS ORDER) 3,2, and 1. 12. Wait about 2 minutes for the water to settle. Discussion The property used in the Sugar Gradient to create the solutions that did not mix and created layers was density. Aqueous solutions of sugar, water, and food coloring were used which means that the sugar and food coloring were mixed in the water and looked like part of the water.This is also a homogeneous mixture because it appeared the same throughout (both on the visual level and particle level). The reason the sugar particles could not be seen in the mixture was because the sugar broke down and got smaller. Also the reason the food coloring looked lighter after the sugar was mixed in was because the particle spread apart more. Overall, the science laboratory was based on the density of the aqueous solution which depended on the amount of sugar dissolved in the water.

Health Care Communication Methods

wellness give c are colloquy Methods 1 Health pity Communication Methods Edilia Ramos HCS/320 August 27, 2012 Kim Foster Health Care Communication Methods 2A communicatings coordinator is cognize as a marketing paid that coordinates organizations both intern eachy and externally. This type of occupation is a key role in an organizations reputation with the employees and within the popular public. Communications coordinator may work instantaneously for an organization or for an agency that may specialize in public relations or marketing. Health Care Communication Methods 3There are advantages and disadvantages of using traditional, electronic, and friendly media for health care communication. Social media these days whoremaster raise awareness, and increase knowledge of an issue. Traditional communication and favor equal media may not be able to meet all of the communication goals that are creation addressed, or be able to target all of the earshots needs that are world requested. Due to the recent outbreak of negative side effects that read been reported to the national drug maker there are several slip agency that I impart reach out to the media in reference to the plaza at hand.There are traditional, electronic, and affable media forms of communication all at each will be provided the proper reading as to what has been d unmatched to redress the problem that has been brought forward. The modern mass of communication would allow the newspaper, radio, television, and yells which would be the first to be told of the situation and what is going to be d cardinal to fix the reports of the negative side effects that have been reported.Traditional communication has come a long way from story-telling, myths, and carvings on monuments to the nerve center ages in which came the radio, and then onto the internet. Due to the severity of this situation and the importance that needs to be sent out in a clockly manner, I am first going to call the television reporting stations within the local areas first seeing that everyone watches their tvs and that would be the fastest way to get this information out to the public next to the newspaper company, and radio stations that would follow.Health Care Communication Methods 4 The information that was provided to the national drug manufacturer and the effects that have been brought forward are very important to us and the reputation of the company along with the health of the many Americans that add this product. The advantages of traditional, electronic, and social media have enabled us in so many new methods of communicating all in one in which technology has integrated nomadic phones with internet, television, email, and text messaging all in one.These are some of the advantages that have derived from the advanced technology in communication, and are of the easiest forms of communication that is able to be seen and viewed by many citizenry all over the world. Electronic commu nication is also one of the easiest ways to communicate because it lets you concur numerous media text, graphics, sound, and video all into one message. With the internet you are given the ability to transmit and peck long messages of information to and from individuals along with workgroups quickly and in a timely manner.Social media has become world- astray within todays society and is the most commonly used websites that people are using frequently today and they include twitter, google, myspace, and the infamous facebook that is being used by people of all ages. This new era brings pros and opportunities seeing that in the past you had numbers of or contacts of how people generally got ahold of you, and today with the large part of social media here are many different levels of communication each with a specific purpose. just you are able to limit the people that know and have your information Health Care Communication Methods 5 and can see what you post on any profile. Th erefore social media has do it easy for the national drug manufacturer to be able to become a social media website and post and information that is needed and wanted by its viewers.In this lesson this type of communication has many pros in the way it can send out information to people all over, targets a wide audience, effective recruitment tool, facilitates open communication, and you are able to deliver communication to the specific person it is intended for. The disadvantages of electronic, and social media is that it increases the risk online scams that front real, possibility of hackers committing fraud , and negative comments that can be seen about the company in which they may not be true.It has become more popular to receive a telephone call, or a text message verifying an appointment or a prescription pickup and if a person has changed their telephone number or even their email address someone else is going to receive that information that belongs to another person and that could contain some personal information in which the HIPAA regulation comes into effect.HIPAA also know as the health insurance portability and accountability act went into effect April of 2003 in which the purpose is to protect the uncomplainings silence pertaining to their individual health information. HIPAA gives the patient the right to obtain copies of their medical records so that they are able to go over the information on it and correct any errors that they may find. All healthcare providers are required to comply with the HIPAA privacy rule. The basic requirement of this rule is that a covered entity may onlyHealth Care Communication Methods 6 use or disclose an individuals protected health information for treatment, payment, or health care operations or other noted exceptions as permitted or required by the rule. (www. courseslearningsomething. com/script2) HIPAA imposes the following limits on the situations in which employer group health plans may have preexisti ng condition exclusions and the length of time that such exclusions apply(HIPAA and other laws, chapter 10, pg. 2) A list of pros and cons have been listed and described in the areas of communication related to traditional, electronic, and social media. In any event the privacy of the patient or individuals that may be involved will be kept according to the HIPAA law that prevents such information being given out. Health Care Communication Methods 7 REFERENCES HIPAA and other laws, chapter 10, pg. 12 www. courseslearningsomething. com/script2Health Care Communication MethodsHealth Care Communication Methods 1 Health Care Communication Methods Edilia Ramos HCS/320 August 27, 2012 Kim Foster Health Care Communication Methods 2A communications coordinator is known as a marketing professional that coordinates organizations both internally and externally. This type of occupation is a key role in an organizations reputation with the employees and within the general public. Communications coordinator may work directly for an organization or for an agency that may specialize in public relations or marketing. Health Care Communication Methods 3There are advantages and disadvantages of using traditional, electronic, and social media for health care communication. Social media these days can raise awareness, and increase knowledge of an issue. Traditional communication and social media may not be able to meet all of the communication goals that are being addressed, or be able to target all of the audiences needs that are being requested. Due to the recent outbreak of negative side effects that have been reported to the national drug manufacturer there are several ways that I will reach out to the media in reference to the situation at hand.There are traditional, electronic, and social media forms of communication all at each will be provided the proper information as to what has been done to correct the problem that has been brought forward. The modern mass of communica tion would include the newspaper, radio, television, and telephones which would be the first to be told of the situation and what is going to be done to fix the reports of the negative side effects that have been reported.Traditional communication has come a long way from story-telling, myths, and carvings on monuments to the middle ages in which came the radio, and then onto the internet. Due to the severity of this situation and the importance that needs to be sent out in a timely manner, I am first going to call the television reporting stations within the local areas first seeing that everyone watches their tvs and that would be the fastest way to get this information out to the public next to the newspaper company, and radio stations that would follow.Health Care Communication Methods 4 The information that was provided to the national drug manufacturer and the effects that have been brought forward are very important to us and the reputation of the company along with the healt h of the many Americans that take this product. The advantages of traditional, electronic, and social media have enabled us in so many new methods of communicating all in one in which technology has integrated mobile phones with internet, television, email, and text messaging all in one.These are some of the advantages that have derived from the advanced technology in communication, and are of the easiest forms of communication that is able to be seen and viewed by many people all over the world. Electronic communication is also one of the easiest ways to communicate because it lets you combine numerous media text, graphics, sound, and video all into one message. With the internet you are given the ability to transmit and receive large messages of information to and from individuals along with workgroups quickly and in a timely manner.Social media has become world- wide within todays society and is the most commonly used websites that people are using frequently today and they inclu de twitter, google, myspace, and the infamous facebook that is being used by people of all ages. This new era brings pros and opportunities seeing that in the past you had numbers of or contacts of how people generally got ahold of you, and today with the large part of social media here are many different levels of communication each with a specific purpose. Only you are able to limit the people that know and have your information Health Care Communication Methods 5 and can see what you post on any profile. Therefore social media has made it easy for the national drug manufacturer to be able to become a social media website and post and information that is needed and wanted by its viewers.In this case this type of communication has many pros in the way it can send out information to people all over, targets a wide audience, effective recruitment tool, facilitates open communication, and you are able to deliver communication to the specific person it is intended for. The disadvantage s of electronic, and social media is that it increases the risk online scams that seem real, possibility of hackers committing fraud , and negative comments that can be seen about the company in which they may not be true.It has become more popular to receive a telephone call, or a text message verifying an appointment or a prescription pickup and if a person has changed their telephone number or even their email address someone else is going to receive that information that belongs to another person and that could contain some personal information in which the HIPAA regulation comes into effect.HIPAA also known as the health insurance portability and accountability act went into effect April of 2003 in which the purpose is to protect the patients privacy pertaining to their individual health information. HIPAA gives the patient the right to obtain copies of their medical records so that they are able to go over the information on it and correct any errors that they may find. All he althcare providers are required to comply with the HIPAA privacy rule. The basic requirement of this rule is that a covered entity may onlyHealth Care Communication Methods 6 use or disclose an individuals protected health information for treatment, payment, or health care operations or other noted exceptions as permitted or required by the rule. (www. courseslearningsomething. com/script2) HIPAA imposes the following limits on the situations in which employer group health plans may have preexisting condition exclusions and the length of time that such exclusions apply(HIPAA and other laws, chapter 10, pg. 2) A list of pros and cons have been listed and described in the areas of communication related to traditional, electronic, and social media. In any event the privacy of the patient or individuals that may be involved will be kept according to the HIPAA law that prevents such information being given out. Health Care Communication Methods 7 REFERENCES HIPAA and other laws, chapter 10, pg. 12 www. courseslearningsomething. com/script2

The Ways in Which Mansfield Presents Leila’s Thoughts and Feelings About the Ball:

Mansfield describes a schoolboyish lady first introduction to society. She describes the young girls emotions and excite workforcet in a mien that submerges the readers in Leilas fantasy homo, with a passel of different feelings and emotions. Mansfield wrote this story with third omniscient person. This gives the reader the opportunity to see and know Leilas feelings, thoughts, the atmosphere, etc. Mansfield illustrated a colourful, rich fairy account as Leilas world. The reader toilette sense how Leilas perception of the b everys seems a dreamlike event.The story begins with a definition of Leilas feelings as it was her first ball. She feels for the most part joy and excited. She feels mostly joy and excited, because for her Every single thing was so new and exciting. withal though the ball has nearly started she was sure She would mark (the ball) for ever. Her desire and impatience to dance is felt when she is in the cab passing by waltzing lamp-posts and houses and fence s, and trees. It creates a psychic image of the cab dancing a waltz with the trees, houses, and fences throughout their journey to the ball.This shows how Leila is wondering how the ball is going to be, and how she timbres forward to it. Mansfield creation of a dream world is revealed in Leilas views of everything. It gives the impression that she look at everything with wide eyes and astonish workforcet. This can be seen in the simple common details, such as trillions tuberoses, Joses long looping of amber, Lauras little dark head. Everything is seen by her as most charming and extraordinary. Yet as she gets to the ball, she becomes highly nervous just still excited, since she has never experienced anything like this.The reader knows it is her first ball, not in effect(p) because of the title, also because of the question of the e Sheridan girls Have you unfeignedly never been to a ball before, Leila? Leilas response is not straight forward, but an excuse, which she said i t softly, opening and shutting her fan. The fact that the follow out is scripted in present continuous shows that the action is happening at that moment and that it is continuous. We can imagine how she is opening, and shutting her fan, continuously, which shows her restiveness.Apparently, Leilas heart is beating fast, this is specially arouse when she tried not to smile in addition much she tried not to care. There was something that promotes this emotion and the reader can locate it at the interpreter where Leila wonders of thoughts about the ball through on the whole unrelated objects, such as the bolster on which her hand rested (which) felt like the sleeve of an unidentified young mans trot. This shows her nervous feeling and how she looks forward to dance at the same time.When they arrive Leila is still nervous which is emphasized by using imagery, A great shakiness jet of gas lighted the ladies room. It couldnt wait it was dancing already. The action of the story sta rts when Leila arrives at the ball. Everything to her is so caperal, as so new. This is emphasized by the exaggerated description of the place, The noise was deafening. (I cant remember the literature effects name. Even though I think it is wrong. ). As we menti mavind before, the simplest thing astonishes her.This time is conveyed by the detailed description of what is happening on the Ladies room. One clear example, is the description of how pitiful girls, fair girls were patting their hair, typing ribbons again, tucking handkerchiefs complicate the fronts of their bodies, smoothing marble-white gloves. And because they were all laughing it seemed to Leila that they were all lovely. The dream-like world idea continues when Leila enters to the drill hall, her excitement and astonishment for everything, made Leila forget to be shy, and also to forget how her nervousness was about to made her not go to the ball.This is showed in a flashback when she was in the middle of dressing ( and) she had sat down on the bed with one skid off and one show one and begged her mother to ring up her cousins and say she couldnt go subsequently all. This whole idea of the fairy- tale world is emphasized with Leilas thoughts How heavenly how simple heavenly Mansfield compares the ball with heaven which shows Leilas perfect and magic view of the ball. The rhetorical questions Leila makes throughout the absolutely story emphasizes her naive and her thrill, Am I mean to have one too? , Why didnt the men begin? What were they waiting for? The harmony starts and Leila dances with 2 different young men. Mansfield uses the dialogue to show Leilas and her partner thoughts. The fact that the partner sounded tired is a way that Mansfield uses to show the reader that Leila is dancing as if there was no tomorrow. Leila does not care answering to the same questions that every partner asked her, for her it was thrilling. Her first ball . She just thinks that the ball is magical, majes tic and beautiful. (Do you think I should put something more in here? The climax occurs when Leila begins to dance with the old pad man. Mansfield description of this man is a rupture in the stereotype of the men that have been dancing with Leila. when Leila compared him with her other partners he looked shabby. This gives the reader a clue that this character is going to go to pieces Leilas magic and beautiful world. The gamey man upset her by revealing the might-be-true fact of what age could do to her. He says long before that youll be sitting up there on the stage, looking on, in you nice black velvet.And these pretty arms will have wrenched into little brusque fat ones, and youll beat time with such a different king of fan-a black bony one. After this eye-opener of what might be her future, the reader can see how Leilas thoughts start to turn into pessimistic and how she questions herself, Was this first ball only the beginning of her last ball, after all? . The falling ac tion occurs when the music seemed to change it sounded sad. Pathetic phantasm is used by Mansfield with the music to represent Leilas mood. Leila goes back in to time when deep inside her a little girl threw her pinafore everyplace her head and sobbed.She has stopped dancing and didnt want to dance more. There are two ways of facing this problem, being pessimistic or optimistic. Suddenly another man asks her to dance with him, and she then has to make a decision. At first Mansfield presents Leilas decision to dance with the young man with curling hair as a matter of politeness (it sounds a little bit strange, but I adoptt know how to say it, una cuestion de educacion), but the magic of the ball makes her forget the whole parley with the old man. So she decided to choose the second one.When she stairs on the dance floor, in one minute, in one turn, her feet glided, glided. The light, the azaleas, the dresses, the pink face, the velvet chairs, all became one beautiful flying u ndulate. Mansfield joins the end with the starting, by the word play of the words wheel and the cab bowled, they bowled,(Im not sure if this makes sense), showing the return of the feelings of happiness and joy. She has forgotten totally the harsh conversation that even when she dances again with the old fat man She didnt even recognise him again. The Ways in Which Mansfield Presents Leilas Thoughts and Feelings About the BallMansfield describes a young lady first introduction to society. She describes the young girls emotions and excitement in a way that submerges the readers in Leilas fantasy world, with a lot of different feelings and emotions. Mansfield wrote this story with third omniscient person. This gives the reader the opportunity to see and know Leilas feelings, thoughts, the atmosphere, etc. Mansfield illustrated a colourful, rich fairy tale as Leilas world. The reader can sense how Leilas perception of the balls seems a dreamlike event.The story begins with a descriptio n of Leilas feelings as it was her first ball. She feels mostly joy and excited. She feels mostly joy and excited, because for her Every single thing was so new and exciting. Even though the ball has nearly started she was sure She would remember (the ball) for ever. Her desire and impatience to dance is felt when she is in the cab passing by waltzing lamp-posts and houses and fences, and trees. It creates a mental image of the cab dancing a waltz with the trees, houses, and fences throughout their journey to the ball.This shows how Leila is wondering how the ball is going to be, and how she looks forward to it. Mansfield creation of a dream world is revealed in Leilas views of everything. It gives the impression that she look at everything with wide eyes and astonishment. This can be seen in the simple common details, such as Megs tuberoses, Joses long loop of amber, Lauras little dark head. Everything is seen by her as most charming and extraordinary. Yet as she gets to the ball, she becomes extremely nervous but still excited, since she has never experienced anything like this.The reader knows it is her first ball, not just because of the title, also because of the question of the e Sheridan girls Have you really never been to a ball before, Leila? Leilas response is not straight forward, but an excuse, which she said it softly, opening and shutting her fan. The fact that the action is written in present continuous shows that the action is happening at that moment and that it is continuous. We can imagine how she is opening, and shutting her fan, continuously, which shows her nervousness.Apparently, Leilas heart is beating fast, this is specially evoke when she tried not to smile too much she tried not to care. There was something that promotes this emotion and the reader can locate it at the part where Leila wonders of thoughts about the ball through completely unrelated objects, such as the bolster on which her hand rested (which) felt like the sleeve of an unknown young mans dress. This shows her nervous feeling and how she looks forward to dance at the same time.When they arrive Leila is still nervous which is emphasized by using imagery, A great quivering jet of gas lighted the ladies room. It couldnt wait it was dancing already. The action of the story starts when Leila arrives at the ball. Everything to her is so magical, as so new. This is emphasized by the exaggerated description of the place, The noise was deafening. (I cant remember the literature effects name. Even though I think it is wrong. ). As we mentioned before, the simplest thing astonishes her.This time is conveyed by the detailed description of what is happening on the Ladies room. One clear example, is the description of how Dark girls, fair girls were patting their hair, typing ribbons again, tucking handkerchiefs down the fronts of their bodies, smoothing marble-white gloves. And because they were all laughing it seemed to Leila that they were all lovely. The dream-like world idea continues when Leila enters to the drill hall, her excitement and astonishment for everything, made Leila forget to be shy, and also to forget how her nervousness was about to made her not go to the ball.This is showed in a flashback when she was in the middle of dressing (and) she had sat down on the bed with one shoe off and one show one and begged her mother to ring up her cousins and say she couldnt go after all. This whole idea of the fairy- tale world is emphasized with Leilas thoughts How heavenly how simple heavenly Mansfield compares the ball with heaven which shows Leilas perfect and magic view of the ball. The rhetorical questions Leila makes throughout the short story emphasizes her naive and her thrill, Am I mean to have one too? , Why didnt the men begin? What were they waiting for? The music starts and Leila dances with two different young men. Mansfield uses the dialogue to show Leilas and her partner thoughts. The fact that the partner sound ed tired is a way that Mansfield uses to show the reader that Leila is dancing as if there was no tomorrow. Leila does not care answering to the same questions that every partner asked her, for her it was thrilling. Her first ball . She just thinks that the ball is magical, majestic and beautiful. (Do you think I should put something more in here? The climax occurs when Leila begins to dance with the old fat man. Mansfield description of this man is a rupture in the stereotype of the men that have been dancing with Leila. when Leila compared him with her other partners he looked shabby. This gives the reader a clue that this character is going to break Leilas magic and beautiful world. The fat man upset her by revealing the might-be-true fact of what age could do to her. He says long before that youll be sitting up there on the stage, looking on, in you nice black velvet.And these pretty arms will have turned into little short fat ones, and youll beat time with such a different king of fan-a black bony one. After this eye-opener of what might be her future, the reader can see how Leilas thoughts start to turn into pessimistic and how she questions herself, Was this first ball only the beginning of her last ball, after all? . The falling action occurs when the music seemed to change it sounded sad. Pathetic fallacy is used by Mansfield with the music to represent Leilas mood. Leila goes back in to time when deep inside her a little girl threw her pinafore over her head and sobbed.She has stopped dancing and didnt want to dance more. There are two ways of facing this problem, being pessimistic or optimistic. Suddenly another man asks her to dance with him, and she then has to make a decision. At first Mansfield presents Leilas decision to dance with the young man with curly hair as a matter of politeness (it sounds a little bit strange, but I dont know how to say it, una cuestion de educacion), but the magic of the ball makes her forget the whole conversation wi th the old man. So she decided to choose the second one.When she steps on the dance floor, in one minute, in one turn, her feet glided, glided. The light, the azaleas, the dresses, the pink face, the velvet chairs, all became one beautiful flying wheel. Mansfield joins the end with the starting, by the word play of the words wheel and the cab bowled, they bowled,(Im not sure if this makes sense), showing the return of the feelings of happiness and joy. She has forgotten totally the harsh conversation that even when she dances again with the old fat man She didnt even recognise him again.

Interrelationship of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation Essay

In the article Interrelationship of Intrinsic and Extrinsic motivation by Jerry Dermer, there atomic number 18 three different assumptions about the interrelationship between extrinsic and natural penury from three different researchers. Firstly, Deci, E.L. stated that an extrinsic procedure-contingent reward reduces peoples intrinsic motif. Secondly, Hofstede, G.H. supported that intrinsic motivation is a necessary co-requisite for extrinsic rewards to be motivating however, intrinsic motivation is not reduced in the occurrence of extrinsic rewards. Thirdly, the general assumption of umteen motivational researchers believed that intrinsic and extrinsic motivations are unrelated. The purpose of the study was to firstly determine if there is a relationship between extrinsic and intrinsic motivation, and thus to help management in resolving the dilemma of whether or not they should provide rewards based on surgical operation.The study conducted a questionnaire which was distr ibuted to 81 department terminal managers in a large department store chain. The questionnaire included measurements for extrinsic and intrinsic motivation. For extrinsic motivations measurement, the questionnaire angle of inclinationed seven statements for managers to rate on the Likert scale. The cipher performance in these seven statements was linked to seven extrinsic outcomes recognition, advancement, personal line of credit security, better peer relations, better supervisory relations, increased responsibility, and increased salary. For example, exceeding budgeted performance will lead to more responsibility (Dermer, 1975). For intrinsic motivations measurement, the questionnaire only listed three statements asking the managers to rate the level to which high order acquire satisfaction is affected by good performance. For instance, Doing my job well gives me a feeling of accomplishment (Dermer, 1975).In order to have a fair and spotless result, both statements were pres ented in Likert format. Managers needed to rank the statements from strongly agree to strongly disagree. Also, the questionnaire was intermixed with other random statements to minimize halo effects and wherefore increase the truth of the result. The result reinforces Hofstedes statement and overthrows Decis and the general assumptions. This research showed that the higher a store managers intrinsic motivation, the greater his responsibility, recognition, pay and motivation for advancement. The main determination was that intrinsic motivation was an essential co-requisite for extrinsic motivation. Meanwhile, extrinsic reward would not reduce workers intrinsic motivation. The research found out that the higher ones intrinsic motivation, the greater his motivation for extrinsic rewards. Therefore, based on this concept, management should implement some strategies to stimulate workers intrinsic motivation. During the hiring process, the hiring manager of the organization should inqui re about the interviewees interests.The main purpose of doing this is to make sure that the interviewee does interchangeable the job. The goal of the interview is to hire people who are intrinsically motivated because these individuals are more willing to learn and to accept challenges. Depending on the nature of the organization, the human relations department should carefully select candidates that fit the job requirement, as well as to consider ones personality. For example, a hospital requires nurses to be extraverted and agreeable. As the employees achieve the person-job fit, which is defined as the workers finding the job that fits their values the most, the employees will have a higher level of intrinsic motivation. For example, when a patient is recovered, the nurse will be proud of herself, hence her intrinsic motivation will increase.Besides, management should work to increase the level of organizational commitment of the workers. The higher the affective commitment, th e higher the level of job performance the workers achieve. The reason is that if the workers have high affective commitment, they are more motivated to stay in the organization and is happy to devote their while and energy in benefiting the firm. High affective commitment implies these workers are intrinsically motivated because they love their work. To increase the level of organizational commitment, management should provide a fun piece of work and encourage them to think creatively. Moreover, managers should permit workers to have great autonomy and encourage new ideas at the workplace so that workers will be more willing to think about ideas in a greater depth.However, promoting intrinsic motivation may lead to several potential costs. Firstly, a long period of time is needed to foster each workers intrinsic motivation. Secondly, the strategies to nurture intrinsic motivation vary from person to person. Even though there are potential costs for promoting intrinsic motivation, t he potential benefits resulting from intrinsic motivation are much greater. Firstly, an organization will be more profitable and efficient as its employees are more self-motivated and satisfied with their job. The more self-motivated the employees are, the higher their efficiency. Also, workers will be more motivated and will not need continuous supervision if they like the job. Another benefit from having intrinsically motivated workers is that these workers are less promising to be late as they like their job.Also they are more likely to excel at their jobs. Hence, the organizations efficiency will be improved significantly. To conclude, the article Interrelationship between Intrinsic Motivation and Extrinsic Motivation by Jerry Dermer is informative in explaining the relationship between two different types of motivation. The reason is that Jerry found three different authoritative researchers and compared their views. Instead of taking apart from the research, readers should t hink about Decis and Hofstedes statement critically because Jerry Derman also talked about the saving grace of Decis statement. Lastly, the recommendations for management practices are appropriate as all of the organizations highly demand intrinsically motivated employees.ReferenceDermer, J. (1975). The interrelationship of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. The Academy of Management Journal, 18(1), 125-129. Retrieved from http//www.jstor.org.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/stable/255630?&Search=yes&searchText=Motivation&list=hide&searchUri=/action/doBasicSearch?filter=jid%3A10.2307%2Fj100040&Query=Motivation&Search.x=0&Search.y=0&wc=on&prevSearch=&item=20&ttl=1206&returnArticleService=showFullText&

Political Family

Chapter 1 priming coa twork to the Study Chapter 1 covers five parts (1) Background and Theoretical Framework of the Study, (2) verify of the Problem, (3) Significance of the Study, (4) comment of Terms, and (5) Delimitation of the Study Part 1, Background and Theoretical Framework of the Study, puts the rationale for the choice of the problem. Part 2, sound outment of the Problem, describes the major and specific questions that this consume depart seek to answer. Part 3, Significance of the Study, cites the benefits that could be derived from the findings of the lead.Part 4, Definition of Terms, presents the abstract and operational definitions of the key terms that will be apply in the airfield. Part 5, Delimitation of the Study, specifies the mountain depart of the study with regards to the variables, the instrumentalists, and the instruments that will be intentiond to gather entropy. Background and Theoretical Framework of the Study The family is the strongest unit of measurement of purchase order, demanding the deepest loyalties of the individual and coloring all well-disposed activity with its feature set of demands. denim Grossholtz (1964, 86-87) In the tertiary man, the elect family has long been a leading actor in the unfolding of the field of study pageant.More, specifically in the Philippines, selected families can be seen as both(prenominal) object and overthrow of invoice, shaping and being determine by the growthes of change. These families pass provided a strong element of continuity to the lands sparingal and policy-making floor over the century past (McCoy 1994, 1). In 1950s Robert Fox (1959, 6) described the Philippines as an anarchy of families, in which the Philippine semi governmental scienceal parties usually wee-wee acted as coalitions of functionful families. The rise of baronful presidencyal families was attributed to the majority rules emergence as a weak, postcolonial verbalize (McCoy 1994, 10-11).According to McCoy (1994, 13), after Spain and United States colonial rule, the Re habitual thus developed as a enunciate with both substantial economical resources and weak bureaucratic capacity. It is this paradoxical pairing of wealth and weakness that opened the state to predatory rent seeking by politicians. Based on Migdals seek (1988, 9) on Third World semipolitical sympathies, he finds that the source of the states weaknessthe loving presidencys such as families, clanstribes, patron-client dyads continue to act as competing sources of authority.Despite the appargonnt knead and significant factor of the family upon wider society and its governance, close to historians, both Filipino and foreign, stir ignored this problem. According to Schneider (1969, 109-110), rather of studying and analyzing the Philippine political history through the paradigm of selected families, they go generally enured Philippine past and government activity solely throu gh as an interaction of state, private institutions, and popular military campaigns.Even affable scientists, despite an obligatory bow in the direction of the family, have generally fai take to incorporate substantive synopsis of its dynamics into rendering of the countrys social and political processes. Social science as a lot happens in the study of the Philippines thus diverges from social reality, according to Alfred W. McCoy (1994, 1). At present, on that point is whitewash a scatty scholarly analytic thinking of any individual Filipino families or family-based oligarchies.While other Southeast Asian societies have produced just about useful biographies and autobiographies, the Southeast Asian regions still have little nondynastic family history that can serve as a model for succeeding(a) Philippine look (McCoy 1994, 2). One of the provinces in the Philippines that have no study about family-based politics is Aklan. The province of Aklan is located in the Northeas t portion of Panay Island. It was the oldest province in the Philippines organized in 1213 by settlers from Borneo as the Minuro it Akean. In 1565 Miguel Lopez de Legaspi landed in Aklan, and divided the Minuro it Akean five encomiendas which he distributed among his farming fol first-class honours degreeers. Along with political change, the Spaniards introduced Christianity. In 1716, the atomic number 18a of the Minuro it Akean was designated as a province but it was called Capiz. aft(prenominal) the Americans took the country from Spain in 1901, Don Natalio B. Acevedo, Aklan delegation head, presented the low gear memorial for the separation of Aklan from Capiz to the Junta Magna headed by Commissi unmatchabler Dean C. Worcester.For the same habit, the Aklanons in Congress blamed numerous bills, including Urquiola-Alba bill in 1920, the Laserna-Suner bills in 1925 and 1930, and the Tumbokon bill in 1934. Aklan finally became an independent province when President Magsaysay s igned into law the Republic Act 1414 on April 25, 1956. This was do through the efforts of Congressman Godofredo P. Ramos, and then the province was inaugurated on November 8, 1956. (Aklan Directory 2011, http//www. aklandirectory. com/aklan/, ret. 9/16/2012) semipolitical families thrive in all but one province in the Philippines.From Batanes to Tawi-tawi, with the exception of Kalinga, members of political families hold public posts, both elective and appointive. GMA News seek has identified at least 219 political families that dominate the countrys political landscape. (2011, http//www. gmanetwork. com, ret 9/30/2012) Like these provinces, Aklans history is also filled with family-based politics. In order to better understand the present political situations, studying the political history of Aklan in the electron lens system of the familial perspective can led to discover b ar-assed dimensions in our national history.The history of a political family in a particular provi nce can be a microcosm of the kind of politics that happens in the Philippines. Thus, this study offers this perspective and understanding. Statement of the Problem This study is proceeded to find out the political history of Aklan, through the case study in historic method of a selected political family in the province. foreign Latin America, much to a strikinger extent(prenominal) of the Philippine social research treated the countrys political history through its formal institutional structures rather than on the importance of the family and family history.However, it can be seen that in the works of several theorists and researchers like Wolf, Grossholtz, Kuznesof, Freyre, and Schneider, political families in the Philippines and around the macrocosm are found to have a more than dominant force in shaping the societys history including political, social, and economic institutions. Specifically, this study will seek to answer the following questions 1. How the political fami ly in Aklan emerged? 2. How do they maintain their put to work in the province? 3. What are the familys political practices to retain power? Significance of the StudyThis soft research may be significant primarily to historians in analyzing the centrality of family-based politics to many periods and problems in the Philippine history. For social scientists, this study will help them delve the use of franks and servicess of family as a primary unit of political organization and will serve as a model for future Philippine research. For political science students, the findings of this study will help them understand the ferment of political families on the course of Philippine politics. This study will also help politicians to formulate political strategies and practices based on the history of a political family.Lastly, this study can be added as a significant literature on the political history of Aklan as well as, it can provide meaningful information for other related literat ures. Definition of terms For the purpose of achieving clarity of meaning and interpretation, the following terms were defined. The Case study orgasm as an empirical doubt investigates a contemporary phenomenon within its real- purport context. (Yin 1984, 24) The Historical method comprises the techniques and guide military controls by which historians use primary sources and other register to research and then to write histories in the form of accounts of the past. (2012, http//en. ikipedia. org/w/index. php, ret. 9/30/2012) Apolitical familyis afamilyin which several members are involved inpolitics, particularlyelectoral politics. Members may be related by blood or marriage frequently several propagationsor multiplesiblingsmay be involved. (2012, http//en. wikipedia. org/w/index. php, ret. 9/30/2012) The province of Aklanis located in the Northeast portion of Panay Island, and has a total land area of 1, 817. 9 km? which is composed of 17 municipalities. It has a total unive rse of discourse of 495, 122 (NSO 2007 census), and Kalibo is the crown town. (Aklan Directory2011, http//www. aklandirectory. om/aklan/, ret. 9/30/2012) Delimitation of the Study This study will be conducted during the first semester of the tame year 2012-2013 until the second semester of the school year 2013-2014. This will be conducted among a purposively selected political family in the Province of Aklan. The case study in historical method will be used in this study to investigate the political history of the Province of Aklan. The researchers in order to collect detailed data unavoidable in this study will employ participant observations, key seed wonders, directly interview the participants, and shew relevant records, put downs, and reports.Chapter 2 Review of Related Literature Chapter 2 includes previous studies on political families which are divided into the International stage setting, the Philippine Context, and the Visayan Context. The International Context inc ludes the previous studies on family-based politics and the history of elect political families around the world. The Philippine Context includes studies about the Filipino family and Philippines as a weak, postcolonial state that led to the emergence of political families. The Visayan Context includes case studies of two political families in the Visayas the Lopez family and the Osmena family.Political Families The International Context In almost any country in the world, there are always leading political elite gathering families that exist. A significant number of these families can be traced in United States, Brazil, and Mexico. In the United States, the well-k immediatelyn Adams Family of Massachusetts has been the subject of much autobiographical and biographical research. Mean composition, the Pessoa family is popular as leading actors in Brazilian politics, and the Sanchez-Navarros family of Mexico is known for both wealth and power.For several decades, Latin American hi storians have used detailed microstudies of elite families to discover recent dimensions in their national histories. As Gilberto Freyre (1964, 155 and 161), a pioneer in this field, one time argued, anyone studying a peoples past will find that historical constants are more significant than ostensibly heroic episodes and will discover that what happens within the family is far more important than often-cited events in presidential mansions, in parliaments and large factories. Applying this perspective toBrazil, Freyre found that Brazils most distinctive elite families emerged in the sugar districts of the northeast during the sixteenth century- fusing land, sugar, and slaves to convey patriarchs of untrammelled power or unlimited power and total fiat or absolute decree. Arguing that the patriarchal family still exerts a subtle influence on the the ethos of contemporary Brazilians, Freyre cites the case of President Epitacio Pessoa who in the early decades of this century was kn own as Tio pocket bread (Uncle Pita) in recognition of his penchant for appointing male relations to key government posts.A nonher historian, Linda Lewin (1979, 263) has produced some of the most polished historiographic reflections on the connection between familial and national history in her writing on the Pessoa family of Paraiba State in Brazil. By the late 1970s the field of family history was so well developed in Latin America that another Brazilian historian Linda Lewin (1979, 263) stated that the family-based lift to the political history as a commonplace in Brazilian history. Many historians had already employed the family historiography as an approach in discovering different dimensions of Brazilian political history thus making it popular around Latin America. Similarly, an search by Felstiner (1976, 58) on the role of kinship politics in Chiles independence movement began with the words the importance of the family in Latin America goes unquestioned. Many historical documents show that the leading elite families in Chile, such as the OHiggins family, started the movements for independence against the Spanish colonizers.A decade later, Latin American historians were still unanimous in their belief that the elite family played a uniquely important political role in their region. Introducing eight essays, Elizabeth Kuznesof and Robert Oppenheimer (1985, 215) observe that the family in Latin America is found to have been a more central and active force in shaping political, social, and economic institutions of the area than was true in europium or United States. Indeed, they found that institutions in Latin America society perk up much more social sense, particularly in the nineteenth century, if viewed through the lens of family relationships.As democracy flourished in the young Latin America, elite families booked in the political arena and started to stabilize political institutions, such as the electoral system and civil society. Charles H . Harris, a historian, (1975, 314) stated that the Sanchez-Navarros family is one of the oldest and most influential families of Spanish descent in Mexico since 1577. The Sanchez Navarro familys lati breedio or an estate composed of two or more haciendasis composed of seventeen haciendas and covers more than 16. 5 million acresthe size of West Virginia.It is said to be the largestlatifundio ever to have existed, not except in Mexico but also in all of Latin America. In Harris discussion of the acquisition of land, the technology of ranching, labor problems, and production on the Sanchez Navarro estate, and of the familys involvement in commerce and politics, he finds that the development of thelatifundiowas only one aspect in the Sanchez Navarros rise to power. He also emphasizes the great importance of the Sanchez Navarros widespread network of family connections in their mercenary and political activities.Reflecting their rich historical traditions, America have also produced i mpressive family histories. Political families are not a new concept in the United States. The Adams family of Massachusetts, for example, has been the subject of autobiographical and biographical research. (Musto 1981, 40-58) TheAdams political familyis one of the most prominent political families in United States history, originating in Massachusetts and having a scholarly impact on the development of the nations path from the 18th century and onwards.The family has produced numerous important New England politicians as well as two Presidents John Adams (1797-1801) and George Adams (1851-1861) but also several ambassadors and literary figures. The children and grandchildren of the Adams family were raised with the approximation that public service was expected of you. (2011, http//seattletimes. com/html/nationworld/2004164299_dynasty05. html, ret. 10/10/2012) Similarly, like other developed and exploitation countries around the globe, the history of Philippines is also shaped by elite families that play leading roles in the control and influence on institutions of the government.The Philippine Context The political families are the actors that have played in the political landscape of the Philippines and have shaped the outcome of the past and are engaged in shaping the future of the Philippines. The Philippine history should not only be viewed as the interaction of different institution of society such as the state, civil societies, the Roman Catholic Church, and the different popular movements. Instead, we should also dissect its political history through the paradigm of elite families.The importance of family-society relationship in the Philippines based on Jean Grossholtzs description (1964, 86-870, the strongest unit of society demanding the deepest loyalties of the individual and coloring all social activity with its own set of demands. He then remarked that the communal values of family are often in conflict with the nonpersonal values of the in stitutions of the larger society. Many Filipino historians have been critical, and they generally disregarded the leading families and provincial elites in the Philippines on ideological grounds.Nationalistic historians have dismissed the countrys elites for being traitors and conformists to the colonizers. Teodoro Agoncillo (1960, 644-645), one the most illustrious historian in Philippine history, remarked that the ilustrados have betrayed the revolution. Renato Constantino (1975, 232), a contemporary of Agoncillo, called the same elites as collaborators. According to the get out of the Communist Party of the Philippines, Jose Maria Sison, the countrys elites were a small alien element either rural feudal landholders or urban, comprador bourgeoisie as cited by Guerrero (1979, 234-249).According to McCoy (1994, 4), most Filipino biographies, the potential construct blocks for elite-family studies, are more hagiography (idolizing biography) than history. Many of these biographies are funded by the family or the person that is the subject of these biographies. Biographers write as if death has cleansed what misdeeds their subject has done in society. Such accounts, McCoy added, are exoneration from the charges of their enemies, silence about their attractive or corruptions, and a celebration of their contribution to the nation.McCoy commented that the weak state and powerful political oligarchies have have to make a familial perspective on national history relevant. The Philippines has a long history of strong families assuring social survival when the nation-state is weak. In the 20th century, the state has collapsed, partially or all in all, at least iv times in the midst of war and revolution. afterward independence in 1946, moreover, the Philippine central government lost control over the countryside to regional politicians, some so powerful that they become known as warlords.In Philippine politics a family name is a valuable asset. A devout name tr anslates strongly to an advantage in polling. Believing that an established name carries cachet and qualification, parties often promote a promising scion of an old line when selecting candidates. Many Filipino politicians use their kinship networks (McCoy 1993, 10), to assure their emanation to power. A kinship network is a working coalition drawn from a larger group related by blood, marriage, and ritual.As elite families bring such a flexible kinship ties into the political arena, elections often assume a kaleidoscopic complexity of coalition and conflict, making Filipino politics appear volatile. It has a unique capacity to create informal political team that assigns specialized roles to its members, thereby maximizing coordination and influence. The Visayan Context Most of the well-known political families in the Philippines have political roots in their home provinces. Whether in the provinces of Luzon, Visayas, or Mindanao, there would always be certain political families t hat would dominate the political arena.The Lopez Family In Alfred McCoys essay (1994, 429-517) Rent-Seeking Families and the Philippine State A History of the Lopez Family illustrates the close connection between state power and the private wealth by elite families in the Philippines. He says that in the Philippine setting, the study of a single rent-seeking family may be the most appropriate way of bridging the gap between western economic theory and the Filipino familial paradigm. Among the leading Filipino families, the Lopezes are, by virtue of their history, well suited for such a case study.Seeking knowledge of the familys origins and early caliber, McCoys essay begins in the 1870s when the Lopezes enter the historical record as pioneer sugar planters on the plantation frontier of Negros Island. But early on 1850s, they already first appeared to be local merchants. Basilio Lopez served as one of Jaros cabeza-de barangay and later as a gobernadorcillo. The growth of their poli tical and commercial influence paralleled the emergence of national political elite (McCoy 1994, 440-441).While the second generation consolidated property and billet within a regional planter elite, their children made a no-hit transition to sugar milling and commerce during the 1920s. In the five generations of the Lopezes it has a history of both expert male and female entrepreneurs and politicians (McCoy 1994, 441-444). However, among the familys twenty-six hundred descendants, it was Eugenio and Fernando Lopez, who initially raised the familys position to first rank of national prominence. Backed by Eugenios growing wealth, Fernando Lopez was appointed as a mayor of Iloilo City for two years in September 1945.He quickly secured overall leadinghip of the province, relegating Jose Zulueta, his ally, to the position of perennial challenger. His career as provincial politician involved the using violence to advance their interests. In 1946 the Lopezes shifted their capital and residence to Manila. They traded in influence and avoided violence. No longer rooted in the land or dependent upon the social power of the provinces, the Lopezes came to depend upon the state, through the medium of presidency, for the financial and regulatory concessions that would assure the successfulness of their corporations.With the Lopez brothers relations with a succession of Philippine presidents, they prospered under the administration of their allies from their patron Quezon, Sergio Osme? a, Elpidio Quirino, and Manuel Roxas. In 1947, he was elected to the Senate. In 1965, the presidential candidate was Ferdinand Marcos. Fernando Lopez, despite his presidential aspirations, became Marcos vice-presidential running mate, creating a tatter that married private wealth to populist assembling. The Lopez alliance with Marcos was a strategic blunder born of tactical necessity.To insure the defeat of incumbent President Macapagal, the Lopezes had felt compelled to ally themselve s with Marcos. Eugenio Lopez used his money, media, and machine to make Marcos president in 1965 elections. non long after, Eugenio Lopez launched a major expansion and diversification program at Meralco. Again, with the Lopez jump out Marcos was reelected in 1969. In January 1971, however, a break occurred, which erupted into what may be the most public and vitriolic fail in the Philippine political history.According to Marcos, the Lopezes were demanding concessions to advance their interests. According to the Lopezes, Marcos was demanding shares in their family corporations. Using the Manila Chronicle, the Lopezes began an attack, publishing exposes of transplanting within the administration. When a delegation of Tondo workers called upon the president at the battles peak, Marcos vowed we will crush the Lopez oligarchy to pieces. subsequently suffering five months of media criticism, Marcos finally sued for peace by paying a call on Eugenio at his Paranaque residence (McCoy 1994, 508).Sixteen months later in Marcoss declaration of martial law, the Lopez family became the main target of his revolution from above. He used the same licensing powers that had built the Lopez wealth to destroy the familys caboodle and transfer their assets to a new economic elite composed of his own kin. Paul Hutchcroft (1991, 414-450), a political scientist said that, using the state and its army, Marcos became the first president since Quezon to reduce the autonomy of provincial elites.He employed economic regulations, backed by curse of force, to pursue the main aim of his rule-changing the composition of the countrys economic elite. In Negros Occidental, for example, Marcos created a new stratum of supralocal leaders whom he financed with rents. On July 1975, Eugenio Lopez died of cancer in San Francisco while Geny Lopez remained in prison on capital charges. In the end, Marcos did not destroy the Lopez familys accumulated legitimacy, contacts, and skills (McCoy 1994, 518). Marcoss fall from power in 1986 heralded the restoration of the Lopez fortunes.In the restoration of the familys fortunes under President Aquino, it is argued that Eugenio Lopez succeeded in handing down enough of his capital and skills to perpetuate his familys position within the national economic elite. In his essay, McCoy (1994, 431) explains the role of rents for it has a good deal about the weakness of the Philippines and the corresponding strength of Filipino political families. As defined by James Buchanan (1980, 7-8) rents appear when the state uses regulation to restrict freedom of entry into the market.If these restrictions create a monopoly, the economic consequences are decidedly negativeslowing growth and enriching a few favoured entrepreneurs. Competition for such monopolies, a political process called rent-seeking, can produce intense conflict. Anne Krueger (1980, 52-57) has argued that in many Third World countries rents are pervasive facts of life. In India such restricted economic activity accounted for 7. 3% of their national income in 1964, while in Turkey rents from import licenses alone represented about 15 percent of the gross national product in 1968.In the Philippines, political economists have applied this theory to explain how the Palaces rent-seeking courtiers after Marcos era used state power to plunder the country. Manuel Montes (1989, 84-148), a Filipino economist, argues that the economic structure of the country stimulates, encourages, and provides the greatest rewards to rent-seeking activities. As evidence for this provocative reconceptualization of rent-seeking, Montes offers his readers a superficial catalogue of vexationmen who have served regimes from Quezon to Marcos. In the presidency of Manuel Roxas, says Montes in a typical passage, Soriano, Eugenio Lopez and Jose Yulo were influential businessmen. The story of Eugenio Lopez illustrates that for over thirty years, he had used presidential patronage to secu re subsidized government financing and dominate state-regulated industries, thereby amassing the largest private fortune in the Philippines (McCoy 1993, 429-430). In the Philippines, the succession of presidents has played partisan politics with the states economic powers, allocate loans and creating rents to reward the political brokers who assured their election.Underlying the executives partisan use of state power are political elites who fuse public office with private business. For the elites to justify the high risk of campaign investments, public office must promise extraordinary rewards. More than any other entrepreneur of the Republican era, Eugenio Lopez, senior , mastered the logic of political investment. The Lopez brothers, being the most successful rent-seekers, formed corporate conglomerates that relied in some way upon the state licenses.Since all of their major corporations were in some sense due to rent system, their commercial success involved a commingling of b usiness and politics. Such a system leaves an ambiguous legacy (McCoy 1993, 435-437). Not only in Western Visayas had leading political families emerged as national actors but also a significant number are found in Central Visayas. The Osmena Family Another political family that has long dominated the political landscape of the Philippines for many years since the beginning of the 20th century is the Osmena family of Cebu.The Osmenas rose to prominence when Sergio Osmena, sr. was elected governor of the Province of Cebu and then as Speaker of the Philippine National Assembly during the American colonial period. He was eclipsed only in power by the political maneuverings that Quezon made to overpowering him in the National Assembly and capturing the post as the President of the Philippine Commonwealth in 1935. After World War II, Sergio Osmena, Sr. went back to the Philippines as President to establish his control as head of the government in the Philippine archipelago.Osmenas son, Serging, later became the governor of Cebu and candidate for the Presidency in the 1969 election against Ferdinand Marcos. The present generation of Osmenas is still politically active in Cebu and in national politics. The Osmenas dominated the political world of Cebu not through the usual guns, goons, and gold that are usually used by their political contention like the Sottos, Cuencas,and Duranos. The Osmenas dominated the provincial politics of Cebu because they are highly skilled in the craft of politics. (Resil, 1993, p. 316) They are wealthy, but their wealth do not equate for their capacity to coerce people to vote for them.They use their wealth skillfully, by using it for political gains. They are not as rich as their opponents who have huge haciendas but they show their prowess as politicians during elections. Elections are an exercise deeply inscribed in the Filipino political imagination. Theoretically, an election provides the occasion for society to take cognizance to it self. This is the time when citizens are most self-conscious, a season of stock-taking, when voters reflect on their collective state and history and make choices about leaders, policies, and futures.The parliamentary space or surface that allows an unlimited range for diverse values and commitments is most visible in incumbents submitting themselves for popular judgement and candidates presenting ideas of government, in the public exchange of contrary views, and, finally, in the voter weighing his or her options and casting a ballot in the rituals inner sanctum, the polling booth. (Mojares 1993, 319) The reality of Philippine politics is not tidy. Intensive exploitation of mass media and propaganda techniques crowd public space during the electoral season.There are restrictions of popular opinion and action however, beneath the diversity and dynamism of election, these restrictions, according to Mojares (1993, 319), are an underdeveloped party system, elite dictum and ideolo gical sameness of candidates, exclusion of those who fail to muster the considerable resources needed to mount a campaign, the supremacy of issues to particularistic concerns, elaborate forms of terrorism and fraud, and the cultural baggage of traditional values of power and dependence.Elections, therefore, do not constitute a free field but are in fact, an arena in which the subsisting limits on participation are further exercised and enforced. In Philippine elections we have a case in which the elite or dominant class usually constructs political reality for citizens. This process may be seen in the centrality accorded to the election itself as field of action and a channel for effecting political change. In elections, curtain call is rendered to the state of the people are constituted or reconstituted as its subjects. In effect, the periodic holding of elections nourishes and renews the governments system.In the process, it also tends to reify the existing system and deemphasi ze other areas of political work such as mass organizing, interest-group lobbying, and armed struggle. (Mojares 1993, 320) Elections, by their very nature, provide us with a concentrated expression of the process of ideological domination. This is one area in which Osmena phenomenon is important since the Osmena have built their dominance less on sheer economic power (though the use of such power was basic in their rise) or sensible repression (though they were not innocent of its methods) than on their mastery of the instrumental aspects of electoral power building.From this they draw their distinctive character as Filipino kingpins. Skillful management of ideological practices takes precedence over reliance on passkey economic leverage (as in the case of the Lopez family), a system of traditional patronage (as in the Durano Family), a mix of religion and militarism (as in Ali Dimaporo), or systematic electoral fraud as what the Marcoses did. The matter of political theory both as the world of social meanings and the politicians stance in this world is relevant to achieving an understanding of the Osmenas.In electoral contest in Cebu, public discourse has been dominated by conservative politicians. Political speech gravitates around the two poles of personality and issues. The Osmena discourse skillfully combines both personality and issues. Personality is the low mode of discourse and encompasses the verbal abuse, muckraking, vulgar humor, and gossip. Issue is the high mode, consisting of the presentation of government platforms or the qualifications and social ideas of candidates. It is not however a systematic exposition of political theory but a minimalist description of general and abstract principles and a isting of specific projects. Public discourse on politics is neither wholly open nor free. Control of public channels of communication, elite construction of tradition, selective deployment of languages, and the limits of Philippine language si tuation-in contrive with textile conditions that sustain attitudes of political subjection- prosper ideological domination. The Osmenas are masters in the management of politics and are, in fact, the ones who inaugurated in Cebu politics the systematic use of modern mass media for electoral purposes.They are ingenious in the selection of messages and the manipulation of symbols so effective in Philippine electoral politics, particularly in the context of the structurally undeveloped urbanism of Cebu. Theirs is an ideology of developmentalism and modernity with its promise of rational management, bureaucratic efficiency and technocratic expertness in the design and execution of public projects. It is a minimalist ideology, however, in its loose aggregation of generalities and particularities and in its avoidance of a systematic critique of structures of social and economic domination.The Osmenas have put their considerable entrepreneurial and organizational skills to good use in t heir electoral campaigns such as in managing finances, contracting a quality staff for media packaging and opinion surveys, and running an efficient campaign organization. They have a fund of political experience, an organizational network built up through many elections, the support of big business and the persuasive reputation of winners. The Osmenas have defined their electoral campaigns in terms of crusades that use primordial symbols of democracy, autonomy, and progress.More star topology than their opponents in ceasing the ideological high ground, the Osmenas have defined political reality in advantageous terms. They appeal to both the past and the future, on one hand by resurrecting selective images of the past, and on the other hand, by evoking visions of a modern, progressive future in their campaign speeches. Underlying, the Osmena phenomenon is a practice of conservative politics, one that restricts the dissemination of power and constructs the politics as pulitika.Acc ording to Reynaldo Ileto (1984, 10), pulitika is the perception of politics as a process of bargaining, with implicit self of factional interest involved. The interaction between the colonial power and its native wards was pulitika. At another level, it refers to the practices by which leaders cultivate ties of personal loyalty and indebtedness to them and simply attract votes. In the Philippines, pulitika is not politics (whether construed generally as the totality of public or civic life or narrowly as pop bargaining or consensus building). Rather, it is that field of politics largely constructed and dominated by the elites.It is in this context that families with economic resources and political skills come perpetuate themselves in power. The specific character of the Osmena dominance has been shaped by such factors as the American ethos of rational government, the personality, and temper of the Osmenas themselves, their belief in the electoral system and the characteristics of the region in which they have founded their beliefs. To a significant extent, the Osmenas are not only instrumentalists but true believers in the precepts of progressive democracy and free enterprise.Theirs, however, is a minimalist ideology subordinated to the exigencies and demands of action in the realm of pulitika. It is also an ideology that mobilizes people around their leadership does not empower them nor seriously address the structural problems of Philippine society. The Osmena dominance has been shaped as well by the practical grosser realities of power maintenance in the Philippines, which require of leaders not only ideological competence but expedience skills in realpolitik, in the lower-oder devices of lying, bribery, horse trading, and thuggery.Political farming has constructed the families like the Osmenas, for a political family is the sum not just what its members posses or do but of how it is regarded in the community. Politicians like the Osmenas adjust because of the altered conditions modifying the rhetoric by adding new messages, revising their campaign manner and addressing new issues. By doing so they can appropriate new symbols, coop new leaders, re-establish new borders that deem political action bounded yet pressures from the below will make it increasingly difficult to give-up the ghost new life or maintain the old boundaries.To the extent that these pressures build and are not meaningfully confronted, the Osmenas may find that no longer holds sway, that the terms of the struggle have shifted radically, and that the struggle for power is now taking place elsewhere. Synthesis Elite families can be seen as both object and subject of history, shaping and being shaped by the processes of change. In many countries all over the world, elite families engaged in politics to gain power and influence, in turn they shape the history of their country. Among these are political families from Brazil, Mexico, and United States.As the family- based approach in history was employed and developed in these countries, the interest to utilize this approach in the history of Southeast Asian countries grew. The Philippines as a weak, postcolonial state became a breeding ground for strong and influential political families that defined the history of the country. The leading family of Cebu, the Osmenas, emerged through the use of their skills in statecraft. The Osmenas have displayed their brilliance in organizing their political machinery and the employment of symbols during elections.Meanwhile, the Lopezeses of Iloilo, started as hacienderos until they became leading national actors and businessmen in 1950s. The great influence, wealth, and success of the Lopez brothers until today can be attributed to their rent-seeking activities. Chapter 3 Research Design and Methodology Chapter 3 has four parts (1) Research Design, (2) Data Sources and order, (3) Site and Participant Selection, and (4) Data Treatment Procedures and Analys is Part 1, Research Design, discusses the structure of the study and the research approach to which the study will be anchored.Part 2, Data Sources and Collection, addresses the sources of the data and presents the research method that will be employed. Part 3, Site and Participant Selection, describes the rationale for choosing the setting of the study on how the participants will be collected. Part 4, Data Treatment Procedure and Analysis, details the specific procedures in analyzing the data that will be collected during the study. Research Design This study will follow the principles of the qualitative research.According to Holloway (1997, 2), qualitative research is a form of social inquiry that focuses on the way people interpret and make sense of their experiences and the world in which they live. A number of different approaches exist within the wider framework of this lawsuit of research, but most of these have the same aim to understand the social reality of individuals, groups and cultures. Researchers use qualitative approaches to explore the behavior, perspectives and experiences of the people they study. The basis of qualitative research lies in the interpretive approach to social reality.In line with the research design, the researchers will utilize the case study as the approach for this study. The case study approach (Yin 1980, 2) is a research strategy entailing an empirical investigation of a contemporary phenomenon within its real life context using multiple sources of evidence, and is especially valuable when the boundaries between the phenomenon and context are blurred. RESEARCH convention Experiential Knowledge Preliminary Interviews Literature Review Preliminary Conceptual Model Observation Interviews documentary film Evidence FindingsRevised & Enhanced Conceptual Model Working Hypotheses Member Checks Final Report Data Sources and Collection Historical method will be used to investigate the political history of Aklan in the lens of familial perspective. Historiography, according to Furay and Salevouris (1979, 223-224) is the study of the way history has been and is written, it is the history of historical writing. In studying historiography, there is no need to study the events of the past directly, but the changing interpretations of those events in the works of individual historians.The researchers in order to collect detailed data needed in this study will employ participant observation. Participant observation (Pearson 1995, 1) refers to a form of sociological research methodology in which the researcher takes on a role in the social situation under observation. The researchers will also directly interview the participants. Interviews (Lincoln, Y. S. , and Guba 1985, 37) provide very different data from observations they allow the evaluation team to capture the perspectives of project participants, staff, and others associated with the project.In the vatic example, interviews with project staff can provid e information on the early stages of the implementation and problems encountered. Key informant interviews will also be conducted. Key informant interviews (Pearson 1995, 1) are qualitative in-depth interviews with people who know what is handout on in the community. The purpose of key informant interviews is to collect information from a wide range of people including community leaders, professionals, or residents who have firsthand knowledge about the community. The researchers will also conduct document studies.Existing records often provide insights into a setting and/or group of people that cannot be observed or noted in another way. This information can be found in document form. Lincoln and Guba (1985, 198) defined a document as any written or recorded material not prepared for the purposes of the evaluation or at the request of the inquirer. Documents can be divided into two major categories public records, and personal documents (Guba and Lincoln 1981, 22). Site and Partic ipant Selection The selection of the setting for this research will be the Province of Aklan.Two reasons were seen necessary for the researchers first, there are several political families in the Province of Aklan, and second, the province has a rich political history. The participant for this research will be conducted among a purposively selected political family in the Province of Aklan. Data Treatment Procedure and Analysis A case study analysis consists of making a detailed description of the case and its setting. (Creswell 2007, 163) in analyzing the data, the researchers will create an organized file for data.They will then read through texts and make margin notes from its initial codes. After organizing and reading the data, the researchers will describe the case and its context. The researchers will then use categorical aggregation to establish themes or patterns. After establishing the themes or patterns, the researchers will use direct interpretation to interpret the case . They will then develop a naturalistic generalization. Lastly, after developing a naturalistic generalization, the researchers will present an in-depth picture of the case or cases using narrative, tables, and figures.