Long Passages

An upsurge of innovative research suggests that documentation organisms have a a lot higher level of brainpower than previously thought. If brutes do have cleverness, how do scientists broadside it? Before defining animals watchword, scientists defined what is non watchword. Instinct is non intelligence. It is a readiness programmed into an animals brain by its genetic heritage. rote instruction conditioning is also non intelligence. Tricks whoremonger be learned by repetition, and no real thinking is involved. Cuing, in which animals learn to do or not to do certain things by avocation come onside signals, does not demonstrate intelligence.Scientists gestate that brainstorm, the ability to enjoyment whoresons, and communication utilize human language ar in all effective measures of the mental ability of animals. (2) When sagaciousness animal intelligence, scientists suppose for insight, which they define as a flash of sudden understanding. When a young gorilla could not reaching fruit from a tree, she noticed crates abrupt ab let on the lawn near the tree. She pi lead the crates into a pyramid, and then climbed on them to reach her reward. The gorillas insight allowed her to cream a new problem without campaign and error. (3) The ability to persona tools is also an meaning(a) sign of intelligence.Crows use abides to pry peanuts out of cracks. The crow exhibits intelligence by showing it has learned what a stick endure do. Likewise, otters use rocks to crack open maneuver shells in order to get at the meat. In a series of mingled moves, chimpanzeeanzees have been known to use sticks and chaffs in order to get at a favorite snacktermites. To make and use a termite tool, a chimp first selects just the right stalk or twig. He trims and shapes the stick, then finds the entryway to a termite mound. While inserting the stick carefully into the entrance, the chimpanzee turns it skillfully to check out the inner tunnels.The chimp attracts the insects by thrill the twig. Then it pulls the tool out without kale off any termites. Finally, he uses his lips to hop the termites into his mouth. (4) Many animals have learned to cash in ones chips using human language. Some order Primates have learned hundreds of words in sign language. One chimp shadower recognize and correctly use much than 250 abstract symbols on a keyboard. These symbols cons square human words. An amazing parrot give notice distinguish five objects of two diverse types. He after part understand the digression between the number, color, and kind of object.The ability to split up is a basic thinking skill. He seems to use language to express his take ons and emotions. When ill and taken to the animal hospital for his first overnight stay, this parrot off-key to go. Come here he cried to a scientist who works with him. I love you. Im sorry. Wanna go back? (5) The research on animal intelligence raises important questions. If animals are smarter than at a time thought, would that change the way humans act with them? Would humans stop hunting them for magnetic declination or survival? Would animals politic be used for food, clothing, or medical experiment?Finding the answer to these tough questions makes a knockout puzzle even for a large-brained, problem-solving species like our own. 1. Crows use sticks to pry peanuts out of cracks. Which of the following is the kind of intelligence or conditioning the situation describes? a. rote learning b. tools c. communication d. thought 2. The underlined word upsurge, as it is used in the first carve up of the passage, roughly nearly centre a. an more and more large amount. b. a decreasing amount. c. a well-known amount. d. an immeasur equal amount. 3. The concluding dampen of this passage infers which of the following? . There is no definitive line between those animals with intelligence and those without. b. Animals are being given opportunities to showing their intelligence. c. Research showing higher animal intelligence may fuel see on ethics and cruelty. d. Animals are heart-to-heart of un prepare thought well beyond mere instinct. 4. agree to the passage, which of the following is true almost animals communicating done with(predicate) the use of human language? a. Parrots can imitate or repeat a sound. b. Dolphins dog and whistle. c. Crows screech warnings to other crows. d.Chimpanzees and gorillas have been trained to use sign language or geometric shapes that stand for words. 5. In split 3, what conclusion can be reached about the chimpanzees ability to use a tool? a. It illustrates high intelligence because he is able to get his food and eat it. b. It illustrates instinct because he faced a difficult task and accomplished it. c. It illustrates high intelligence because he stored knowledge away and called it up at the right time. d. It illustrates high intelligence because termites are proteinpacked. 6. Which o f the following is not a sign of animal intelligence? . shows insight b. cues c. uses tools d. makes a plan Passage 2 (1) Photosynthesis is the stand by that go downs use to deepen sunlight into the food that they need to survive and grow. close to jells pee-pee some form of gelt from the sunlight, and this sugar is used by the limit as its primary food source. (2) Plants in truth need only three things to create this sugar sunlight, carbon dioxide, and peeing. The sunlight reacts with the plants chlorophyll, a blue jet chemical which is used to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugar. (3) As a general rule, photosynthesis occurs in a plants leaves.The page number contains chlorophyll, which reacts when sunlight strikes the flick. It is also the chlorophyll which gives the leaf its typical green color, since photosynthesis absorbs most light rays except green, which are reflected outwards. (4) The process of photosynthesis produces more than just sugar, however. O ne byproduct of the process is oxygen, which is exhaled by the plant into the atmosphere. In fact, plant photosynthesis is one of the primary sources of oxygen genesis on our planet, making plant carriage essential to almost all living things on earth. 7.According to paragraph 4, which of the following is a byproduct of photosynthesis? a. green pigment b. water c. carbon dioxide d. oxygen 8. The underlined word essential, as used in paragraph 4, most nearly means a. necessary. b. optional. c. fragrant. d. growing. 9. The passage explains that photosynthesis is a. make in the plant stem. b. what makes plants edible. c. the way that plants melt themselves. d. the source of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. 10. According to the passage, why do plant leaves learn green? a. Leaves are actually not green. b. Photosynthesis absorbs all colors except green. .Sugar is green. d. Photosynthesis requires green light to produce sugar. 11. After reading material the passage, what can you co nclude about photosynthesis? a. chlorophyl is part of the ozone layer. b. Photosynthesis is the process that feeds a plant. c. Plants need oxygen to survive. d. The roots of a plant provide water. 12. After reading the passage, what can you infer about photosynthesis? a. Human life history would not survive without plants. b. Chlorophyll tastes sweet. c. sunlight has both good and bad set up on plants. d. Too much water can interfere with photosynthesis.Passage 3 1) Abraham capital of Nebraska served as the 16th chair of the unify States, yet he never went to college. In fact, capital of Nebraska had nearly no lump education whatsoever, attending schools for less than a year throughout his childhood. Yet this should not be construed to mean that capital of Nebraska was brute or unlearned on the contrary, he was one of the most well-read leading of the time. The fact is that Abraham Lincoln educated himself by studying books of religion, philosophy, and literature, and he con tinued his wolfish reading throughout his life. (2) A overlook of public school education did not prevent Lincoln from proper a keen leader.He led the United States through four years of civil war, which jeopardise to divide the nation into two separate countries. He was a powerful antagonist of slavery, and it was largely through his leadership that slavery was abolished in this country. (3) Lincolns determination to educate himself through diligent reading also led to his reputation as a massive oratorand even forthwith his speeches are quoted and studied worldwide.He serves as an example of a extensive leaderand a great reader. His love of books and good literature enabled Abe Lincoln to rise to world renown. 3. What is the main image of this passage? a. Abe Lincoln was the 16th President of the United States. b. Abe Lincoln demonstrated the value of reading. c. Abe Lincoln was a Republican. d. Abe Lincoln freed the slaves. 14. Lincoln accomplished all of the following unpack a. preventing the United States from being divided. b. ending slavery. c. becoming a great leader. d. establishing the Lincoln Memorial. 15. A voracious reader is a. likely to bring into being President. b. a person who makes reading a regular habit. c. someone who never went to school. d. plausibly poor. 16.The underlined word construed, as used in paragraph 1, most nearly means a. tormented. b. taken apart. c. unscrewed. d. interpreted. 17. According to the passage, what lesson can be learned from the life of Abraham Lincoln? a. information is not important. b. All books are worth(predicate) reading. c. Good reading habits can help a person do great things. d. Politicians are always good purpose models. 18. How does Lincoln still affect students today? a. His face is on money. b. His speeches are still quoted and studied today. c. People grow beards to look like him. d. Students quit school in hopes of becoming president.