Chapter Summary Notes

Adam metal drop deader argued the economic advantages of vision of labor, and the breakdown of plays into narrow and repetitive tasks, known as Job specialization. Division of labor increased productivity by increase each workers skill and dexterity, by saving time lost in changing tasks. 2. 18th Century Industrial Revolution the main ingredient of the Industrial revolution was that human power was replaced by machine power, which wherefore made it more economical to manufacture tidys In factories rather than at home.Large, businesslike factories require managerial skills, as they had to picture that demand was met, large eternal was on hand to continue production, foundationign tasks to people, direct routine activities, coordinate various tasks, ensure the machines were still running efficiently and were unplowed in good condition while maintaining standards, etc. There atomic number 18 6 different risees to management 1. Scientific management an approach that invol ves apply scientific manners to define the one best way for a Job to be done. The aim of this method is to make organizations and workers be as efficient as possible.Frederick W. Taylor was one of the first to Introduce methods of scientific management. He Introduced 4 principles of management a. Develop a science for each element of an Individuals work with standardized work Implements and efficient methods for all to follow b. Scientifically pick out workers with skills and abilities that match each job and train them in the most efficient ways to accomplish tasks c. Ensure cooperation through incentives and provide the work milieu that reinforces optimal work results in a scientific manner d. vivid responsibility for managing and for working, while supporting individuals in work groups doing what they do best. whatsoever people are more capable of managing, whereas others are better at performing tasks laid out to them. These guidelines are still used straightaway for impr oving efficiency and production. They are used when managers analyses the basic work tasks that moldiness be performed, use time-and-motion take away to eliminate wasted motions, hire the best-qualified workers for a Job and design incentive systems based on output. . General administrative possibility an approach to management that focuses on describing what managers do and what constituted good management practice. There were 2 significant theorists in developing this method Henry Offal and Max Weber. Henry planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating and hold upling. He stated 14 principles of management, which are fundamental rules of management that could be taught and applied to all organizational situations.They include a) division of work specialization increases output by devising employees more efficient b) authority managers must be able to institute assembles c) discipline employees must obey and respect the rules that govern the organization d) angiotensin-con verting enzyme of command every employee should receive orders from only nee superior e) mavin of direction organization should have a single plan of save to guide managers and workers f) subordination of individual interests to the general interest interests of one employee should non take precedence of the organization as a whole g) profit workers must be paid a fair wage for their service h) concentration the degree to which subordinates are involved in decision reservation I) scalar chain line of authority from top to bottom j) order people and materials should be in the estimable place at the right time k) equity managers should be kind and fair to their subordinates l) stability of upgrade of response management should provide orderly personnel planning to ensure that replacement are available to fill vacancies m) initiative employees who are allowed to start out and carry out plans volition exert high levels of effort n) esprit De corps promoting team spirit will buil d harmony and unity indoors the organization Max Weber he developed a theory of authority structures based on an ideal type of organization he called a bureaucracy a form of organization characterized by division of labor, a clearly defined hierarchy, detailed rules and regulations, and impersonal relationships. 3. Initiative approach the use of quantitative techniques to improve decision qualification. Total Quality forethought a philosophy of management driven by continual value and responding to customer needs and expectations.This approach has contributed directly to managerial decision making in the areas of planning and control, such as when managers need to budget, schedule, quality control and similar decisions are made. 4. Organizational behavior a field of arena concerned with the actions (behaviors) of people at work. Hawthorne studies a series of studies during the sass and ass that provided insight into individual and group behavior. Human relations movement the be lief, for the most part unsubstantiated by research, that a satisfied worker will be productive. Behavioral science theorists psychologists and sociologists who relied on scientific method for study of organizational behavior. 5. Yeasts approach known as one of the contemporary approaches. It is a set of interrelated and interdependent parts arranged in a manner that produces a unified whole. Closed systems systems that are not influenced by and do not interact with their environment.