Leadership Theory Human Life

Question: Discuss about theLeadership Theoryfor Human Life. Answer: Introduction: Leadership theory is closely associated with psychological theory. Leadership and followership both are related with security and prosperity of the human life. According to the nature all the living being prefer to follow the path of certitude from the uncertainty of the every days life. Evolutionary theory of the leadership is closely connected with that behavioural trait of human personality. This theory first introduced by contemporary psychologist Mark van Vugt. He attempted to investigate the reason behind the behaviour of leadership and followership. In his written article Leadership, Followership, and Evolution Some Lessons from the Past Vugt describe the whole issue with two other fellow writer Robert Hogan Robert B. Kaiser he describe the approach has been adopted in the article is not the part of mainstream leadership theory. Uniqueness of the approach is indicator of innovative stand of the writer but the whole issue will remain equivocal if the reader can not relate the a pproach with the previous scholarly works on this subject domain (Van Vugt, Hogan and Kaiser,2008). Approach of Evolutionary Leadership: In his essay authors indicated towards the origin of leadership in the human society and social behaviour, in order to trace so they travelled the distance past of human species. From their perspective it can be said that leadership is an object driven behaviour of a conspicuous person from a certain group. Behind the objectiveness of a leader another character trait always larks that is farsightedness. Leader must foresee something which doesnt come within the range of others vision. Leader can behold the solution for others which other people cant. This trait of behaviour is echoing great man theory. This theory became popular in 19th century revered personage such as Thomas Carlyle also got influenced by it. According to this theory leader is a god gifted man who is committed to lead his follower (Avolio and Yammarino,. 2013). Despite acknowledging the character trait describe in this theory Thomas Carlyle also said that the theory doesnt indicate that the leader should be born gr eat. Some time the concept of Masaya may comes to the mind in this regard but leader is to a full fledged Masaya rather a mentor or a guide in reality. In the essay writers described that the leadership and followership is an adoptive behaviour. The question may get appear in this regard that is what may be the reason of this adaptation? Answer is also plausible that is demand of the situation. The authenticity of this observation can traceable in history. Before the commencement of the Second World War the suggestion and observation Sir Winston Churchill was highly disrespected and ignored by the Mr. Stanley Baldwin, British Prime minister of that period of time. Mr Churchill uttered an intimidation regarding the evil intention of Nazi Germany. In the time of war Neville Chamberlin had to resign and the responsibility of the nation got handed over to Mr. Winston Churchill. In the essay on the issue of evolutionary leadership the writers attempted to depict the cardinal source of th is adoptive behaviour is social coordination problem. In situational leadership theory the leader need to retune himself according to the level of his follower. This approach is also indicating towards a coordination problem and the whole approach of leadership is depending upon that (Waldman, et al 2006). Ambivalent Relationship: In this essay the writers pointed towards the malfeasance of leadership. The leader is the dominating personality within the group and he is authorising to excessive his power over his subordinates. That can be used for exploitation as well as suppression. That is the reason the relationship between the leader and the subordinate is always uncertain in nature. In the case of transformational leadership it can be witnessed leader is using his power and force to change the behaviour of a group domination and suppression both term can get added to defined his behaviour from a certain point of view but that cannot mitigate the effectiveness of that leader ( Zohar and Tenne-Gazit, 2008). Organizational Structure and Leadership: In this essay writers indicated the attention of the readers towards the close relationship between organization structure and leadership. Some time some structures may generate a formidable conundrum between leader and its subordinate. Here the writers are critical regarding the contemporary organizational structure. The reason is clear in this regard that is organizational psychology is a major influence over leader and its subordinates. The structure of the organization configures the psychology of those people working there. Supportive organizational structure indicates the structure that helps both way communication and offer additional support for the implementation of the decision taken by the leader. Communication is a cardinal issue here. Without having a proper communication with the leader the subordinate will not get any proper idea or direction of their movement. Communication only can configure and evaluate the optimum psychological mechanism of leadership and followers hip (Waldman, et al.,2006). Application of CALP Cognitive ancestral leader prototype or CALP indicates certain specific trait that gets observed to identify right person as leader in a specific situation. These attributes defined as prototype by the writers. According to the description provide by them a masculine, dominating, youthful person is needed as leader at the time of crisis. On the contrary more feminine personality with social skill is needed at the time of peace. In history we can witnessed a plausible manifestation of this reality. World has recognised Winston Churchill as a hero of Second World War. He leaded his country towards victory over axis power. But in the peace time British people couldnt trust his as a peace time leader rather they opted for Clement Atlee who was much more submissive personality in front of Churchill. The prototype is the preoccupied idea in people mind but it is not the unchangeable one in history we have seen Winston Churchill, Ronal Regan, Franklin Roosevelt, has been leaded the nation s uccessfully and gained huge popularity. Conclusion: The essay is a new approach to the leadership theory. The writers indicated a new direction in this regard. They took support of evolutionary psychology and human anthropology too. But some section of their finding sound over simplified comprehension of the actual reality. When a writer prefer to substantiate his claim he become bias but the inconsistency get immerged when the reality articulates some contradiction (Churchill, 2010) Reference: Van Vugt, M., Hogan, R. and Kaiser, R.B., 2008. Leadership, followership, and evolution: some lessons from the past. American Psychologist, 63(3), p.182. Avolio, B.J. and Yammarino, F.J. eds., 2013. Transformational and charismatic leadership: The road ahead. Emerald Group Publishing. Kaiser, R.B., Hogan, R. and Craig, S.B., 2008. Leadership and the fate of organizations. American Psychologist, 63(2), p.96. Liao, H. and Chuang, A., 2007. Transforming service employees and climate: a multilevel, multisource examination of transformational leadership in building long-term service relationships. Journal of applied psychology, 92(4), p.1006. Zohar, D. and Tenne-Gazit, O., 2008. Transformational leadership and group interaction as climate antecedents: a social network analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(4), p.744. Waldman, D.A., de Luque, M.S., Washburn, N., House, R.J., Adetoun, B., Barrasa, A., Bobina, M., Bodur, M., Chen, Y.J., Debbarma, S. and Dorfman, P., 2006. Cultural and leadership predictors of corporate social responsibility values of top management: A GLOBE study of 15 countries. Journal of International Business Studies, 37(6), pp.823-837. Churchill, W.S., 2010. The Gathering Storm: The Second World War (Vol. 1). RosettaBooks.